An inverted nipple, where the nipple pulls inward, can sometimes be a sign of underlying breast conditions, including breast cancer. While it can be alarming to notice such a change, it is important to understand that not all nipple inversions indicate cancer. This article clarifies the characteristics of nipple inversion related to breast cancer, helping distinguish concerning changes from benign ones.
Appearance of Cancer-Related Nipple Inversion
A nipple inversion associated with breast cancer often presents as a new change, or an existing inversion has become more pronounced. This type of inversion can appear flattened, pulled inward, or dimpled into the breast tissue. It may be unilateral, which warrants attention.
The inversion caused by cancer is frequently fixed in position, making it difficult or impossible to pull the nipple out with fingers or through stimulation. This fixation occurs because a tumor growing behind the nipple can create fibrous bands that pull the tissue inward. In some instances, the surrounding breast skin might also show changes, such as dimpling or puckering, which can resemble the texture of an orange peel. This specific appearance is caused by the obstruction of lymph vessels by cancer cells.
New vs. Lifelong Nipple Inversion
Distinguishing between a newly acquired nipple inversion and one that has been present lifelong is important in assessing potential risk. Many individuals are born with inverted nipples, which are usually harmless and do not indicate cancer. These lifelong inversions often affect both breasts and may be easily everted with gentle pressure, cold, or stimulation, returning to their inverted state once the stimulus is removed.
Conversely, an inversion that develops suddenly, over weeks or months, or a noticeable change in a previously inverted nipple, warrants immediate medical attention. This “acquired” or “new” inversion, especially if it affects only one breast, warrants concern. For instance, a nipple that was once easily everted but now remains deeply inverted or cannot be pulled out at all could signal an underlying issue. The suddenness or progression of the inversion is a primary concern, regardless of its initial appearance.
Other Signs of Breast Cancer
While nipple inversion can be a symptom, other changes in the breast or surrounding areas may also indicate breast cancer. A new lump or mass in the breast or armpit is a common sign, often described as painless, hard, and having irregular edges, though some can be soft or tender. Changes in the breast’s overall size or shape, or an increase in size over a short period, can also be concerning.
Skin changes on the breast, such as redness, scaling, thickening, or dimpling, similar to an orange peel texture, are additional signs that should be evaluated. Any nipple discharge, especially if it is clear or bloody and occurs without pregnancy or breastfeeding, also requires medical attention. Persistent breast or nipple pain, or swelling of all or part of the breast without a palpable lump, are also symptoms that require further investigation.
Next Steps and Medical Consultation
If you notice any new or concerning changes in your breasts, including a new nipple inversion, it is important to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Self-diagnosis based on symptoms alone is not recommended. A primary care physician or gynecologist can evaluate these changes and determine the appropriate course of action.
A medical evaluation may involve a physical examination, followed by imaging tests such as a mammogram, ultrasound, or MRI to visualize the breast tissue. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis. Early detection of breast cancer is associated with a better chance of successful treatment, underscoring the importance of seeking professional medical advice for any breast concerns.