An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of a toenail, often the big toe, grows into the surrounding skin. It typically develops when the nail’s edge curves downward and embeds itself into the skin along the side of the nail bed. This common condition can cause discomfort.
Visual Characteristics
The initial visual signs of an ingrown toenail typically involve the skin around the affected nail. You will often notice redness and swelling in the area where the nail edge is growing into the skin. This inflamed skin may also appear shiny or stretched due to the swelling.
Upon closer inspection, the area might show signs of tenderness or pain when touched lightly. The skin directly adjacent to the ingrown portion of the nail may become hard or firm to the touch. While an ingrown toenail can occur on any toe, it most commonly affects the big toe.
Recognizing Different Stages
An ingrown toenail’s appearance changes as it progresses through different stages of severity. In an early, mild stage (Stage 1), the toe may exhibit slight redness and mild swelling around the nail, feeling warm, but typically without pus or drainage. Some fluid buildup may also occur.
As the condition advances (Stage 2), the redness, swelling, and pain intensify. Signs of infection may become visible, such as the presence of white or yellowish pus or other drainage. In more severe, chronic cases (Stage 3), there can be a significant overgrowth of tissue, known as hypergranulation tissue, around the nail edge, which may appear red and fleshy. This advanced stage often involves persistent discharge and the possibility of chronic or recurring infections.
Associated Symptoms and When to Seek Help
Beyond the visible changes, an ingrown toenail often presents with non-visual symptoms. Pain and tenderness are common, especially when pressure is applied to the toe or during weight-bearing activities like walking. This discomfort can make wearing shoes difficult.
If symptoms do not improve within a few days of home care, or if they worsen, it is advisable to seek professional medical attention. Specific indicators that warrant a doctor’s visit include increased pain, spreading redness, significant swelling, warmth in the affected area, or the presence of pus or fluid drainage, suggesting infection. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or poor blood circulation, should consult a healthcare provider immediately if they develop an ingrown toenail, as they face a higher risk of complications.