Hemorrhoids are swollen veins that develop in the lower rectum or around the anus. This common condition arises when increased pressure affects these veins, leading to their irritation and swelling. The information provided here is for educational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Visual Characteristics of Inflamed Hemorrhoids
An inflamed hemorrhoid typically appears as a swollen lump or bulge located either directly outside the anus or protruding from it. The appearance can vary depending on the specific type and severity of the inflammation.
External hemorrhoids form under the skin around the anus and may be visible as small, soft lumps that can be skin-colored or slightly darker. When inflamed, they can become reddish due to swelling.
Prolapsed internal hemorrhoids originate inside the rectum but push out through the anal opening. They often look like moist, pinkish, or reddish tissue protruding from the anus, appearing smoother and softer than external hemorrhoids. Their size can range from small, pea-sized bumps to larger masses, sometimes resembling grapes.
A thrombosed hemorrhoid, which means a blood clot has formed inside, presents a distinct visual. These can appear as a firm, discolored lump, often dark blue, purple, grey, or even black, depending on skin tone. The skin covering a thrombosed hemorrhoid may also appear stretched and shiny, indicating significant swelling. Such lumps are tender to the touch.
Accompanying Signs and Symptoms
Beyond their visual appearance, inflamed hemorrhoids are often accompanied by a range of sensations. Discomfort and pain are common, varying from a mild ache to a severe, throbbing sensation. This pain can intensify, especially when sitting, walking, or during bowel movements.
Itching or irritation around the anal area is a common symptom. This can be persistent and contribute to discomfort.
Bright red blood is a common sign, typically noticed on toilet paper after wiping, in the toilet bowl, or on the surface of the stool. This bleeding usually originates directly from the hemorrhoid.
A feeling of pressure or fullness in the anal region is common. This sensation can feel like an incomplete bowel evacuation or a constant urge to have a bowel movement.
In some cases, inflamed hemorrhoids may lead to a clear or whitish mucus discharge, which can appear on toilet paper or underwear. If an infection is present, this discharge might appear yellowish.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many inflamed hemorrhoids can be managed with home care, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare provider if pain, discomfort, or bleeding do not improve with home remedies within about a week or if symptoms worsen. Significant or continuous bleeding, such as large amounts of bright red blood or the toilet water turning red, warrants immediate medical attention.
Sudden, intense pain, especially if accompanied by a hard, discolored lump, could signal a thrombosed hemorrhoid. Symptoms such as fever, chills, or pus discharge may indicate an infection, which requires prompt medical assessment. Any new anal bleeding, particularly for individuals over 40-50 years of age, should be evaluated by a doctor to rule out more serious underlying conditions, including certain types of cancer. Also consult a healthcare professional if there is uncertainty about whether a lump is a hemorrhoid or something else.