External hemorrhoids are a common condition affecting veins located just outside the anus. These swollen veins, also known as piles, can develop from straining during bowel movements or prolonged sitting. Understanding their appearance can help individuals recognize them.
Visual Characteristics of External Hemorrhoids
External hemorrhoids are small lumps or bumps around the anal opening. Their size can vary, ranging from small, pea-sized nodules to larger, grape-sized swellings. These formations are visible and often felt.
The color of an external hemorrhoid varies. They commonly appear purplish, dark red, or bluish due to blood pooling in the affected veins. However, if less inflamed or without significant blood clotting, they might also appear skin-colored.
When touched, external hemorrhoids feel like swollen, tender, or firm areas. The overlying skin might become irritated or even break down. Internal hemorrhoids, in contrast, are located inside the rectum and are generally not visible unless they prolapse, meaning they extend outside the anus.
A thrombosed external hemorrhoid looks different due to a blood clot inside the vein. These appear as darker, often purple, blue, black, or dark brown lumps, depending on skin tone. They are firmer and can be the size of a grape or marble, often causing significant pain. The skin covering a thrombosed hemorrhoid may also appear stretched and shiny.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While many external hemorrhoids resolve with home care, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended in certain situations. Seek medical attention if you experience persistent pain or severe discomfort that does not improve after about a week of home treatment.
Significant bleeding warrants immediate medical assessment. This includes heavy or continuous bleeding, or if the toilet water turns red or large blood clots are observed. Bleeding can also be a symptom of more serious conditions.
If a hemorrhoid becomes very painful, hard, or dark, it may be a thrombosed hemorrhoid, which often requires prompt medical intervention. Signs of infection, such as fever, pus, increased redness, or swelling around the anal area, also necessitate a doctor’s visit.
Consult a healthcare provider if there is uncertainty about the diagnosis, as other conditions can mimic hemorrhoid symptoms. Any noticeable changes in bowel habits accompanying the symptoms should also prompt a medical consultation.