An epigastric hernia occurs when a small portion of tissue, often fatty tissue, pushes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. This type of hernia develops in the upper central part of the abdomen, specifically between the breastbone and the navel. It represents a protrusion of internal contents through a defect in the muscle layers that typically contain them.
Understanding the Primary Sensation
The most common sensation associated with an epigastric hernia is a noticeable lump or bulge in the upper abdominal area. It appears between the lower end of the breastbone and the belly button. The lump may become more prominent when a person is standing, straining, coughing, or laughing, as these actions increase abdominal pressure.
The feeling accompanying this lump can vary, described as a dull ache or localized pressure. While not always intensely painful, it is a consistent discomfort in the affected region. The lump itself might feel soft to the touch and can sometimes be gently pushed back into the abdomen, though it may reappear. This primary sensation ranges from a minor cosmetic concern to a tender spot.
Accompanying Symptoms and Worsening Factors
Beyond the primary sensation of a bulge, an epigastric hernia can also cause a burning sensation or tenderness in the upper abdomen. Some individuals report a dragging sensation, as if something is being pulled internally.
Certain activities can worsen discomfort. Heavy lifting, prolonged standing, or strenuous exercise often increase the pressure within the abdomen, thereby intensifying the pain or making the bulge more pronounced. While less common, some individuals might experience secondary digestive symptoms such as nausea, indigestion, or a feeling of fullness.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a healthcare professional if you notice a bulge or experience persistent discomfort in your upper abdomen. While many epigastric hernias are not emergencies, proper evaluation is important to confirm the diagnosis and discuss management options.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if warning signs appear, indicating a serious complication. These urgent symptoms include sudden, severe pain in the hernia area, the bulge becoming firm, tender, or discolored, or if you are unable to push the bulge back in. Additionally, a fever, vomiting, or difficulty passing gas or stool alongside hernia symptoms could signal a strangulated hernia, which requires prompt medical intervention.