An allergic reaction to grass occurs when the immune system identifies harmless grass pollen as a threat. This triggers a cascade of reactions, leading to various common physical symptoms. While manifestations differ, these reactions often involve the skin, respiratory system, and eyes. Understanding these symptoms helps in recognizing a grass allergy.
Skin Reactions
Grass allergy can manifest on the skin in several ways, often as visible changes or sensations. Hives (urticaria) are common, presenting as raised, itchy welts that can be red or pale. These welts may appear suddenly on exposed areas or generally across the body.
Beyond distinct hives, generalized itchy skin (pruritus) can occur without an initial visible rash, though scratching may lead to redness and irritation. For those with eczema, grass pollen contact can trigger flare-ups, causing red, dry, flaky, and intensely itchy patches. Direct contact can also cause contact dermatitis, a localized rash appearing specifically where the skin touched the plant. Angioedema, which involves swelling beneath the skin’s surface, particularly noticeable around the eyes, lips, or throat, can feel firm or painful.
Respiratory Symptoms
The respiratory system commonly shows pronounced signs of a grass allergy. Symptoms include:
Frequent sneezing, often in bursts.
A runny nose (rhinorrhea) with clear, watery discharge.
Nasal congestion (stuffy nose), creating a feeling of blockage.
Itchy nose or throat.
Persistent coughing.
Wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound indicating narrowed airways.
Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
Eye and Other Common Symptoms
Grass allergies frequently affect the eyes, leading to noticeable changes. Itchy, watery eyes (allergic conjunctivitis) are characterized by redness, conjunctival swelling, and excessive tearing. Eyelids may also appear puffy due to swelling.
Beyond immediate symptoms, fatigue can accompany grass allergy. Headaches are common, often from sinus congestion. An itchy or scratchy throat, sometimes exacerbated by post-nasal drip, can also occur.
When to Seek Medical Attention
It is important to recognize when grass allergy symptoms warrant professional medical evaluation. Seek immediate medical attention for significant difficulty breathing, wheezing that does not improve, or chest tightness, as these indicate a severe airway reaction.
Signs of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, require emergency care. These include swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, a rapid pulse, dizziness, or fainting. Medical attention is advisable if symptoms worsen or do not respond to typical over-the-counter remedies. Consult a healthcare professional if grass allergy symptoms significantly impact daily life (e.g., sleep, work, school) or occur in infants or young children. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice.