Ammonium lactate (AL) is a topical medication available in both prescription and over-the-counter formulations. This compound is primarily known for its ability to treat various skin conditions characterized by excessive dryness, scaling, and roughness. By addressing these textural and hydration issues, ammonium lactate helps restore a smoother, more comfortable skin surface.
How Ammonium Lactate Works on the Skin
Ammonium lactate functions through a dual mechanism that combines both exfoliation and deep hydration, making it highly effective for rough, dry skin. It is classified as an Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA), derived from a neutralized salt of lactic acid. This unique formulation allows the compound to exert a powerful effect on the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum.
The first action is its keratolytic property, meaning it helps to dissolve the bonds between dead skin cells, or corneocytes. The lactate component weakens the cohesion of these cells, promoting their gentle and accelerated shedding from the skin’s surface. This process of exfoliation prevents the buildup of keratin and debris, which is often responsible for a rough or bumpy texture.
The second action is its role as a powerful humectant, a substance that attracts and retains moisture. Once applied, the lactate draws water into the stratum corneum, significantly increasing the skin’s hydration levels. This enhances the skin barrier function, leading to a reduction in dryness and scaling.
This combination of chemically exfoliating the rough surface while simultaneously providing deep moisture results in smoother, more flexible skin. By preventing the excessive accumulation of surface cells and boosting water content, the skin is able to normalize its texture and appearance.
Conditions Improved by Ammonium Lactate
The dual-action mechanism of ammonium lactate makes it an effective treatment for several specific dermatological conditions. It is most commonly recommended for conditions where the skin exhibits excessive scaling, dryness, or a buildup of keratin. The keratolytic effect directly targets the underlying causes.
Keratosis Pilaris (KP) is one of the most frequent uses for this topical agent, characterized by small, rough bumps often described as “chicken skin.” These bumps are caused by the accumulation of keratin that plugs the hair follicles. The exfoliating action of ammonium lactate helps to clear these follicular plugs, leading to a noticeable smoothing of the skin’s surface.
Another condition that responds well to this treatment is ichthyosis vulgaris, an inherited disorder causing chronic, widespread dry and scaly skin. The intensive humectant property helps to restore moisture to the severely dry skin. The added exfoliation aids in the removal of persistent scaling, improving the skin’s texture and flexibility.
Ammonium lactate is also indicated for severe xerosis, which is simply very dry skin that does not respond adequately to standard moisturizers. For these patients, the medication offers a therapeutic benefit by increasing the skin’s water-holding capacity and gently removing dead cells. This results in a restoration of the skin’s texture and a reduction in associated symptoms like itching.
Guidelines for Safe Topical Use
Ammonium lactate is typically available in concentrations of 12% in both lotion and cream formulations, applied to the affected areas once or twice daily. Users should thoroughly massage a thin layer into the skin until the product is fully absorbed. Consistency in application is necessary to achieve the desired improvement in skin texture and hydration.
Users may experience mild, temporary side effects when first starting the treatment. These can include stinging, burning sensation, or redness, especially if applied to broken or irritated skin. Should these sensations be bothersome or persistent, reduce the frequency of application or consult a healthcare provider.
A primary safety precaution when using this Alpha Hydroxy Acid is sun protection. AHAs can increase the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, raising the risk of sunburn. Therefore, individuals using ammonium lactate must apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen and wear protective clothing over treated areas before going outdoors.
It is recommended to use ammonium lactate on the body, such as the arms, legs, and torso, rather than the more sensitive skin of the face. Avoid contact with the eyes, mouth, and mucous membranes. If the skin condition worsens or does not show improvement after several weeks of consistent use, discontinue the product and seek medical advice.