A young cherry tree, typically one to five years old, is identified by specific physical traits since it does not yet produce flowers or fruit. At this juvenile stage, the features are often subtle, requiring focus on the tree’s structure, bark, and foliage. Understanding these non-flowering characteristics is the most reliable way to distinguish this member of the Prunus genus from other common saplings.
Overall Form and Early Growth Habit
A young cherry tree typically exhibits a relatively fast growth rate compared to many other hardwood species. During its initial years, the tree can grow between 30 to 60 centimeters, or roughly 12 to 24 inches, in height annually. Non-fruiting trees often display vigorous new shoot growth, sometimes reaching 18 to 30 inches in a single season.
The tree’s silhouette often starts narrow and upright, but it quickly develops a spreading habit, particularly in tart cherry varieties. This early growth may lack a single, dominant central leader, giving the crown a bushier appearance. Without careful pruning, the young tree will rapidly establish a broad, branched form.
Distinctive Features of Young Cherry Bark
The bark of a young cherry tree is one of its most reliable identifying features, especially when leaves are absent. It is characteristically smooth and thin, often possessing a satin-like sheen. The color is typically reddish-brown, gray, or sometimes slightly purplish on new growth.
This smooth surface is visibly marked by numerous horizontal lines called lenticels. These structures are small, narrow, raised pores that allow for essential gas exchange between the internal tissues and the outside air. They are particularly pronounced and noticeable as distinct horizontal bands on the young bark of the Prunus genus.
As the young trunk expands, these horizontal pores stretch, making them a consistent and easy-to-spot trait for confirming cherry identification. The presence of this smooth, noticeably banded bark is a defining characteristic before the trunk ages and develops the rougher, plated texture seen on mature trees.
Identifying Characteristics of Leaves and Twigs
Cherry leaves are arranged alternately along the branch and usually display an ovate or elliptical shape. The edges are serrated, or finely toothed, resembling miniature saw blades. The upper surface of the leaf is often a lustrous, shiny green.
A defining trait of the Prunus genus is the presence of extrafloral nectaries, which are small glands found near the leaf’s attachment point. These nectaries are located on the petiole or the base of the leaf blade and appear as tiny bumps or dots. They can vary in color, sometimes appearing as small green or red structures.
The young twigs are typically slender and may be reddish-brown, sometimes covered in a thin, gray outer layer. The buds are small and pointed, protected by several glossy, reddish-brown to greenish scales. When a young cherry twig is crushed, it often releases a distinct odor reminiscent of bitter almond, a result of cyanogenic compounds.