The wildebeest, also known as the gnu, is an African antelope renowned for its participation in the Great Migration across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. They are one of the most vocal ungulates on the savanna. There are two main species, the blue wildebeest and the black wildebeest, both known for their distinctive and loud vocalizations. This unique soundscape is a constant feature of the plains, serving as a primary method for communication within the massive herds.
The Signature Sound: The “Gnu” Call
The most characteristic wildebeest vocalization is a low, guttural call believed to be the source of their alternative name, “gnu.” This sound is a resonant, almost nasal honk or grunt, often described as sounding like the word “gnu” itself. It is a monotonous call frequently used for general communication and cohesion as the herd moves across the grasslands. The sound functions as a persistent, low-level contact call, allowing individuals to maintain awareness of their neighbors. This constant, rhythmic sound is the background noise of a traveling wildebeest herd.
Contextual Vocalizations
Wildebeest vocalizations change based on the immediate situation, shifting from a general contact call to more urgent, specific signals. A sharp snort serves as the primary alarm call, an explosive puff of air used when a predator is sighted nearby. This sudden, forceful expulsion of air signals immediate danger to the herd. It often precedes a sudden, synchronized dash for safety.
The mating season, or rut, introduces a different, powerful soundscape to the herd. Territorial males vocalize repeatedly, creating a deep, rumbling chorus that can be heard over long distances. This collective sound is often described as a “Big Hum,” a noisy, high-tempo chorusing given by tens of thousands of bulls simultaneously. These rutting vocalizations help synchronize the ovulation cycles of the females, ensuring the subsequent mass calving event. Calves also contribute a higher-pitched distress call when separated or in danger, which triggers a protective response from nearby adult females.
Reinforcing the Noise
The wildebeest is inherently a noisy animal, and the sheer volume of their vocalizations is amplified during large collective events. The constant cacophony of snorts, grunts, and deep rutting calls defines the soundscape of the migration. During the rut, the collective calling of the territorial bulls creates a wall of sound that reverberates across the plains.