Tendons are strong, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, enabling movement and providing stability to joints. In the ankle, several important tendons, such as the Achilles, peroneal, and tibialis posterior tendons, work together to facilitate intricate movements like pushing off, pointing toes, and stabilizing the foot. A tear in any of these tendons can significantly impact mobility and the overall function of the ankle, making it important to recognize the signs of such an injury.
Sudden Pain and Sounds
A torn ankle tendon often manifests with immediate, sharp, localized pain. This acute pain is frequently accompanied by distinct auditory or tactile cues, such as a “pop,” “snap,” or “ripping” sound or feeling. For instance, an Achilles tendon rupture might feel like someone stepped on the tendon or sound like a loud crack. This immediate sensation of something giving way can occur.
The initial pain is often significant enough to cause a fall or immediate difficulty bearing weight. While the sharp pain might subside, a persistent, throbbing ache follows. This response results from tendon fibers tearing, ranging from a partial tear to a complete rupture. A distinct popping sound often indicates a more severe tear.
Visible Changes and Swelling
After the initial pain, a torn ankle tendon presents with physical changes. Swelling develops rapidly and can become significant, making the ankle appear larger than the uninjured one. This swelling is due to inflammation and internal bleeding from damaged blood vessels. The ankle may also feel warm to the touch, and the skin might appear red.
Bruising, or discoloration, is another common sign after a tendon tear. It can range from mild to significant black and blue marks, spreading into the foot or up the lower leg. With a complete tendon rupture, especially the Achilles, a visible indentation or gap may be felt or seen. This gap indicates the separation of the tendon ends, and touching the area elicits tenderness.
Difficulty Moving and Bearing Weight
A torn ankle tendon severely impacts the ability to move the foot and bear weight. Individuals experience instability in the ankle, described as a “giving way” sensation, especially when attempting to stand or walk. This instability arises because the damaged tendon can no longer adequately support and stabilize the joint. Attempting to move the foot or ankle, such as pointing toes, pushing off, or turning the foot, results in significant pain and weakness.
Bearing weight on the affected leg becomes extremely difficult, if not impossible, depending on tear severity. Even with partial tears, walking is challenging and painful, while a complete rupture prevents any weight-bearing without assistance. The ankle’s range of motion becomes restricted, and forcing movement beyond a painful limit can exacerbate discomfort. This functional limitation affects daily activities, making simple tasks like walking or climbing stairs problematic.
Knowing When to Get Medical Attention
Recognizing signs for medical evaluation is important for proper diagnosis and recovery from a torn ankle tendon. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, especially after an injury, or if pain worsens. An inability to bear weight on the affected foot or significant difficulty walking indicates professional assessment is needed.
Other signs for prompt medical attention include significant swelling or bruising around the ankle, a visible deformity, or a distinct popping sound at the time of injury. Delaying treatment can lead to complications like chronic ankle pain, instability, and even long-term issues such as arthritis. Early diagnosis allows for appropriate treatment, preventing further damage and improving recovery chances.