The shoulder labrum is a rim of cartilage that encircles the shoulder socket, deepening it and providing stability for the shoulder joint. It helps keep the upper arm bone (humerus) secure within the shallow shoulder blade socket (glenoid). Tears are common injuries, often resulting from trauma, repetitive overhead motions, or age-related degeneration. The symptoms of a torn labrum can vary.
Primary Sensations of a Torn Labrum
A torn shoulder labrum causes distinct sensations. A deep, aching pain within the shoulder joint is common. This discomfort may persist at rest, sometimes worsening at night. Certain movements can trigger sharp, sudden pain.
Pain from a labral tear can radiate from the shoulder down the arm. Mechanical sensations are also common, including clicking, popping, or grinding sounds and feelings during movement. A feeling of “catching” or “locking” is also common. These mechanical symptoms often occur because the torn labrum interferes with the joint’s smooth gliding motion, getting caught between bone surfaces.
Accompanying Signs and Functional Limitations
Beyond pain and mechanical sensations, a torn labrum impacts shoulder function. Shoulder instability, a sensation of “giving way” or potential dislocation, is common. This looseness stems from the labrum’s role in deepening the socket and maintaining joint integrity. When compromised, the shoulder may feel less secure.
Weakness in the affected arm is a frequent symptom, particularly during tasks requiring lifting objects. Reduced strength becomes apparent with overhead activities. A torn labrum can also limit the shoulder’s range of motion. Individuals may find it difficult to raise their arm fully overhead or experience pain and stiffness with movement.
Movements That Worsen Labral Tear Symptoms
Certain movements and activities commonly worsen labral tear symptoms. Overhead reaching or lifting, such as putting dishes away, frequently increases pain. This occurs because these motions place significant stress on the shoulder joint and compromised labrum. Athletes in throwing sports, like baseball or tennis, often experience intensified pain during throwing activities, especially between the cocking and release phases.
Sleeping on the affected side can also worsen discomfort, potentially due to compression of inflamed tissues. Reaching across the body can aggravate symptoms. Sudden, unexpected movements or impacts to the shoulder can cause a sharp increase in pain and discomfort, reflecting joint instability.
When to Seek Medical Evaluation
If you experience persistent shoulder pain, mechanical symptoms like clicking or catching, or instability, seek medical evaluation. Self-diagnosis is insufficient for a labral tear. A doctor, such as an orthopedic specialist, can conduct a physical examination to assess range of motion, pain, and grinding.
To confirm diagnosis, imaging tests like an MRI, sometimes with contrast dye, are often ordered for clearer images. While awaiting an appointment, self-care steps include resting the shoulder, applying ice to reduce swelling and pain, and avoiding aggravating activities.