Tendons are strong, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, enabling movement in various parts of the body. In the fingers, these structures are essential for bending, straightening, and grasping, allowing for the intricate movements necessary for daily tasks. A torn finger tendon can significantly impair hand function and mobility, making it challenging to perform simple actions. Recognizing the signs is an important first step toward seeking appropriate care.
Visible Indicators of a Torn Finger Tendon
When a finger tendon tears, several physical signs may become apparent. Swelling is a common and often immediate indicator, appearing around the affected joint. This swelling results from inflammation and fluid accumulation in the injured area.
Bruising or discoloration might also develop, though its appearance can sometimes be delayed. This discoloration is caused by bleeding beneath the skin. A noticeable deformity or drooping of the finger can be a significant sign, particularly with extensor tendon tears, which are responsible for straightening the finger. For instance, in a “mallet finger” injury, the fingertip may visibly droop and cannot be straightened, resembling a hammer. Conversely, with flexor tendon tears, the finger might not fully extend, and an open wound may be present on the palm side of the hand.
In severe cases, the skin over the injured area might show subtle changes, such as an indentation or a pulled-in appearance, if the torn tendon has retracted. This happens because the tendon, no longer anchored to the bone, is pulled back by the attached muscle. The normal skin creases over the affected joint may also appear absent or altered.
How a Torn Tendon Affects Finger Movement
Beyond visible signs, a torn finger tendon profoundly impacts the finger’s ability to move. Sharp, immediate pain often occurs at the moment of injury, persisting and worsening with any attempt at movement. The injured area may also be sensitive to touch.
A significant loss of strength is common when trying to grip, pinch, or move the affected finger. This weakness arises because the torn tendon can no longer effectively transmit force from the muscle to the bone. The most telling sign is the inability to fully bend (flex) or straighten (extend) the finger or a specific joint. For example, a complete flexor tendon tear can make it impossible to bend one or more finger joints, while an extensor tendon injury can prevent the finger from fully straightening. Some individuals might also report feeling or hearing a “pop” or “snap” at the moment the injury occurs.
Next Steps After Suspecting a Torn Tendon
If a torn finger tendon is suspected, seeking prompt medical attention is important. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial because tendons can retract after a tear, potentially making surgical repair more complex if delayed.
During a medical visit, the diagnostic process involves a physical examination where the doctor assesses the hand’s range of motion, sensation, and blood flow. Imaging techniques like X-rays might rule out bone fractures, and an ultrasound or MRI may confirm the diagnosis and determine the injury’s extent. Treatment options vary depending on the tear’s severity and type, ranging from splinting and immobilization to surgical repair. While awaiting professional medical evaluation, temporary measures like the R.I.C.E. method (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) can help reduce pain and swelling. Resting the injured finger, applying ice packs, using a compression bandage, and elevating the hand above the heart can provide some relief, but these steps are not a substitute for professional medical care.