A tooth extraction is a routine dental procedure. While the mouth heals well, monitoring the extraction site for complications is important. Understanding the normal healing process and recognizing signs of infection can help ensure a smooth recovery.
Common Signs of Infection
An infection after a tooth extraction can manifest through various visual, sensory, and systemic indicators. Visually, you might observe persistent or worsening redness around the extraction site, extending beyond the initial 24 to 48 hours. Swelling that increases after the first two days, rather than subsiding, also suggests a problem. The presence of pus or discharge (white, yellow, or green) indicates bacterial infection.
From a sensory perspective, ongoing or intensifying pain not relieved by medication often signals an infection. You may notice a foul taste in your mouth or persistent bad breath that does not improve with routine oral hygiene. These tastes and odors are caused by bacterial accumulation at the site.
Beyond localized symptoms, an infection can also lead to systemic responses. A fever is a common systemic sign. Chills can accompany a fever, and you might experience swollen lymph nodes in your neck or under your jaw. These signs tend to worsen over time, unlike the gradual improvement seen during normal healing.
Distinguishing Normal Healing from Infection
Understanding the typical progression of healing after a tooth extraction helps differentiate expected discomfort from an infection. Immediately following an extraction, mild to moderate pain is common and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Some swelling is also normal, peaking within 24 to 48 hours and then gradually diminishing. Minor bleeding or oozing for up to 24 hours is expected, as a blood clot forms in the socket to protect the underlying bone and nerves. This blood clot may appear whitish as it integrates with surrounding tissue, which is a normal part of the healing process and not a sign of infection.
In contrast, signs of infection are more severe and show a deteriorating pattern. Pain from an infection intensifies rather than subsides, and swelling may continue to increase or spread beyond the initial area after the first 48 hours. Unlike normal healing, an infection involves unusual discharge, such as pus, or a persistent foul taste or odor. Systemic symptoms like fever or chills are indicators of infection not present in an uncomplicated healing process. The key difference lies in the progression: normal healing shows continuous improvement, while an infection demonstrates worsening symptoms or new, concerning signs.
When to Seek Dental Care
Promptly contacting your dentist is advisable if you suspect an infection or experience concerning symptoms after a tooth extraction. You should seek dental care if you have persistent or worsening severe pain that pain medication does not alleviate. Swelling that increases or spreads beyond the initial 48 hours, rather than decreasing, warrants immediate attention. The presence of pus or any unusual discharge from the extraction site is a clear indicator for professional evaluation.
Systemic signs like fever, chills, or a general feeling of being unwell should prompt a call to your dental professional. Difficulty opening your mouth, swallowing, or breathing can indicate that the infection is spreading and requires urgent care. Any symptom that causes significant concern or does not improve with time should be discussed with your dentist without delay.
Preventing Post-Extraction Infection
Adhering to post-operative instructions provided by your dentist is beneficial in minimizing the risk of infection. Maintaining good oral hygiene is beneficial, but you should avoid directly brushing the extraction site for the first few days to protect the blood clot. Gently rinsing your mouth with warm salt water, starting 24 hours after the procedure, can help keep the area clean and reduce bacteria.
Certain behaviors can disrupt the healing process and increase infection risk. Avoiding smoking and alcohol for at least a few days is recommended, as these can interfere with healing and introduce harmful bacteria. Using straws and spitting forcefully should be avoided, as the suction can dislodge the protective blood clot. Eating soft foods for the initial recovery period helps prevent irritation to the site. If prescribed, taking antibiotics as directed is a measure to prevent infection.