Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that forms in the body’s soft tissues, which include muscles, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, and fibrous tissue. These tissues connect, support, and surround other body structures. This article describes how these lumps typically feel and present.
Understanding the Feel of a Soft Tissue Sarcoma
A soft tissue sarcoma often presents as a noticeable lump or mass, which can be felt before it is seen. The consistency of such a lump is frequently described as firm or rubbery to the touch. However, some soft tissue sarcomas, such as liposarcomas, can feel softer or even gelatinous.
A sarcoma lump may feel fixed or less movable to the underlying tissues. Lumps that are deeply embedded or attached to structures beneath the skin are generally more concerning. While some superficial sarcomas might exhibit slight movement, a fixed nature is a key characteristic to note.
Initially, many soft tissue sarcomas are painless. As the tumor grows, it may begin to cause discomfort or pain by pressing on nearby nerves, muscles, or other tissues. The presence of pain can indicate a more aggressive or larger tumor.
The size of a soft tissue sarcoma varies, and these lumps tend to grow steadily over weeks or months. Some can be present for months or years before they cause noticeable symptoms. While a sarcoma may appear rounded, its shape is often irregular or poorly defined.
Beyond the Lump: Location and Additional Symptoms
Soft tissue sarcomas can develop almost anywhere due to the widespread nature of soft tissues. They are most frequently found in the extremities, like the arms and legs. Other common sites include the trunk and the retroperitoneum, which is the space behind the abdominal cavity.
Beyond the lump, a soft tissue sarcoma can lead to other localized symptoms. The affected area may experience swelling or enlargement as the tumor grows. If the tumor presses on nerves, individuals may notice weakness, numbness, or tingling in the limb or area affected.
Movement can become difficult if the sarcoma affects muscles or joints, limiting the range of motion. In cases where the tumor is located internally, such as in the abdomen, symptoms like a feeling of fullness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or changes in bowel habits may occur. Sarcomas in the lungs may lead to shortness of breath or a persistent cough. More advanced or larger tumors can cause systemic symptoms like unexplained weight loss or fatigue.
How Sarcomas Differ from Benign Lumps
Distinguishing a soft tissue sarcoma from non-cancerous lumps can be challenging without medical evaluation. Many benign lumps exist, such as lipomas (soft, movable fatty growths) or cysts (smooth, fluid-filled sacs). Fibromas are small, firm, benign growths.
A key difference lies in their growth patterns. Benign lumps remain stable in size or grow very slowly over a long period. In contrast, soft tissue sarcomas show progressive growth, increasing noticeably in size over weeks or months. While some benign lumps can be firm, sarcomas have a distinct firmness or rubbery feel.
Pain is another differentiating factor. Benign lumps are painless unless they become inflamed or irritated. Sarcomas can develop pain as they enlarge and exert pressure on surrounding structures. Many benign lumps are freely movable beneath the skin, whereas sarcomas are fixed or have limited mobility. A medical professional must evaluate any suspicious lump, as self-diagnosis is not reliable.
When to Consult a Medical Professional
Any new, growing, or painful lump should prompt medical evaluation. Early detection of soft tissue sarcomas can influence outcomes. Seek medical attention if a lump exhibits specific characteristics.
Consult a doctor if a lump is larger than a golf ball (approximately 5 centimeters) or rapidly increasing in size. A lump that becomes painful, especially if new or worsening, warrants investigation. A lump that feels deep-seated within the tissue or is fixed to underlying structures should be evaluated. If a lump is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as unexplained weight loss or persistent fatigue, medical advice is recommended. A doctor conducts a physical examination and may recommend imaging tests like an MRI, with a biopsy being the definitive diagnostic step.