Sarcomas are a rare type of cancer that begin in the body’s connective tissues. These tissues include fat, muscle, nerves, blood vessels, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and the tissue surrounding bones and joints. This article describes common characteristics of sarcoma lumps. Only a medical professional can accurately diagnose a lump.
General Characteristics of Sarcoma Lumps
A sarcoma often presents as a noticeable lump or mass beneath the skin surface. These lumps start small but grow progressively larger over weeks or months, sometimes reaching five inches or more. This consistent growth is a distinguishing feature.
When touched, a sarcoma lump feels firm or rubbery, and can be quite hard. Unlike some benign lumps, sarcomas are often fixed or deeply rooted, meaning they are not easily movable under the skin.
Sarcoma lumps are painless in their early stages. If pain is present, it occurs as the lump grows and presses on nearby nerves, muscles, or other tissues. The shape of these lumps can vary, appearing rounded or having an irregular outline.
Distinguishing Sarcoma from Benign Lumps
Understanding the differences between sarcoma and common, non-cancerous lumps can help in recognizing concerning signs. Benign lumps, such as lipomas or cysts, grow very slowly, may not grow at all, or can fluctuate in size or disappear. In contrast, sarcoma lumps show continuous and rapid growth.
The feel of the lump also differs. Benign fatty lumps (lipomas) are soft, rubbery, and easily movable under the skin. Sarcoma lumps, however, are firm, hard, and may feel fixed to the surrounding tissues.
While some benign lumps can be painful if inflamed or infected, sarcoma lumps are painless. Sarcomas originate in deeper tissues, whereas many benign lumps are more superficial. Larger or advanced sarcomas may be accompanied by systemic symptoms like unexplained weight loss or fatigue, which are rarely seen with benign lumps.
Common Locations of Sarcoma Lumps
Sarcomas can develop anywhere in the body where connective tissue is present. Certain areas are more frequently observed sites for these lumps.
The limbs, specifically the arms and legs, are common locations for sarcoma lumps, accounting for a majority of cases. The trunk, encompassing the chest wall, abdomen, and pelvis, is another frequent site. About 30% of sarcomas appear in this region.
Sarcomas can also form in the head and neck area, though less commonly than in the limbs or trunk. While this article focuses on externally visible lumps, sarcomas can also arise in internal organs such as the retroperitoneum. The location alone does not confirm a diagnosis, but it contributes to the overall clinical picture.
When to Consult a Doctor
Any new lump that appears on the body warrants medical evaluation. Consult a doctor if a lump is growing in size or changing in shape, color, or consistency. Lumps that are painful or tender, or suddenly become very hard, should also be examined.
A lump that feels deep or fixed, and does not move easily under the skin, requires medical attention. If a lump persists for more than a few weeks, even if initially painless, it should be checked by a healthcare provider. If a lump is accompanied by other unexplained symptoms like weight loss or persistent fatigue, seek prompt consultation.