Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. A ruptured vein, sometimes called a “burst” or “blown” vein, occurs when the vein wall weakens and breaks, allowing blood to leak into the surrounding tissues. This leakage can happen beneath the skin’s surface or, if the skin is broken, result in external bleeding.
The Immediate Sensation
A ruptured vein can cause various immediate sensations, depending on its location and the cause. Some people report sudden, sharp pain or a tearing feeling at the moment of rupture. Others might describe a popping sensation, especially with a superficial vein, such as a varicose vein. In some cases, the feeling might be a dull ache, or there might be no immediate sensation, particularly if the rupture is minor or occurs deeper.
Accompanying Physical Signs
Following the initial sensation, or sometimes without any distinct sensation, several physical signs become apparent. Bruising, medically known as a hematoma, is a common indicator, appearing as discoloration where blood pools under the skin. The affected area may also exhibit swelling, which can range from minor to significant depending on the amount of blood leaked. Tenderness to the touch and a feeling of warmth are also reported as blood accumulates and irritates surrounding tissues.
Common Causes of Vein Rupture
Veins can rupture for various reasons, with external trauma being a frequent cause. Direct impacts, falls, or cuts can damage vein walls, leading to leakage. Medical procedures, such as IV line insertion or blood draws, can also cause veins to rupture if the needle punctures the wall. Veins may also become more fragile and prone to rupture due to age, as their walls naturally weaken over time. Increased pressure within the veins, from conditions like chronic venous insufficiency or prolonged standing, can also lead to spontaneous rupture.
Differentiating Types of Vein Ruptures
Vein ruptures can occur in superficial veins, which are close to the skin’s surface, or deep veins, located deeper within muscles. Superficial vein ruptures often present with more visible symptoms like noticeable bruising and external bleeding if the skin is broken. While these can cause significant bleeding, they are generally less life-threatening than deep vein ruptures. Deep vein ruptures may be harder to detect due to their location, and symptoms might include swelling, pain, or discoloration without external bleeding.
When to Seek Medical Care
It is important to seek medical attention in certain situations involving a ruptured vein. If there is persistent or worsening pain, significant swelling, or rapid expansion of bruising, medical evaluation is advised. Signs of infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, pus, or fever around the affected area, also require immediate medical consultation. Any suspected deep vein rupture or if the rupture is accompanied by other severe symptoms like difficulty breathing or chest pain, requires urgent medical attention.