A pulled muscle in the back, also known as a muscle strain, occurs when muscle fibers or tendons are overstretched or torn. This injury ranges from minor tears to significant damage. The back, particularly the lower back, supports a large portion of the body’s weight during daily activities like walking, lifting, and bending, making it susceptible to such injuries.
Sensations of a Pulled Back Muscle
A pulled back muscle can cause sensations ranging from a mild ache to severe pain. Initially, a sudden, sharp pain may be felt at the moment of injury, sometimes described as a “pop” or “tear.” This pain is often localized to one area of the back.
After the initial onset, pain may evolve into a dull, persistent ache that worsens with movement. Activities like bending forward, getting up from a seated position, or standing for extended periods can intensify discomfort. The affected area may also feel tender to the touch, indicating inflammation.
Muscle spasms are a common, painful symptom. These involuntary contractions can cause intense, throbbing pain and significantly limit mobility, making it difficult to move, bend, or stand straight. Stiffness is also common, as the body attempts to guard the injured area, restricting range of motion.
Pain is typically concentrated in the lower back but can extend to the buttocks or hips due to interconnected muscle groups. However, pain that feels hot, tingling, or electric and radiates down the legs, calves, or feet is less typical for a simple muscle strain and may suggest nerve irritation. Bruising and swelling may also become visible in the injured area within 24 to 48 hours.
Typical Causes of Back Muscle Strains
Back muscle strains result from sudden, forceful movements or improper body mechanics. Lifting heavy objects incorrectly, especially when bending at the waist instead of the knees, is a common cause. Sports involving pushing, pulling, or sudden twisting of the lower back (e.g., weightlifting, football, tennis, golf) can also lead to these injuries.
Overuse from repetitive motions can lead to a chronic strain. Minor incidents like a sudden twist, an awkward bend, or a fall can overstretch or tear muscle fibers and tendons. Factors such as being overweight, weak back or abdominal muscles, or tight hamstrings can increase susceptibility to back muscle strains.
Guidance on Seeking Medical Care
For many pulled back muscles, self-care can alleviate symptoms and promote healing. Resting the injured area and applying ice packs for the first 24 to 48 hours can help reduce pain and swelling. After this initial period, applying heat can help relieve stiffness and muscle spasms. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., ibuprofen) can also manage pain and inflammation.
Remaining active as tolerated, while avoiding prolonged bed rest, can prevent delayed recovery. If back pain persists for more than a few days, or is severe and prevents daily activities, consult a healthcare professional. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience pain accompanied by a high fever, unexplained weight loss, or a noticeable lump or change in the shape of your back.
Additional warning signs warranting urgent medical evaluation include numbness, tingling, or weakness in one or both legs, especially if it extends below the knee. Loss of bladder or bowel control, or pain after a serious accident (e.g., car crash), also necessitates immediate medical care. These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition.