The object commonly referred to as a “pot seed” is the reproductive structure of the Cannabis plant. Botanically, this structure is a type of dry fruit known as an achene, though cultivators universally treat it as a seed. It contains the genetic blueprint for a new plant, held dormant until environmental conditions are suitable for growth. While seeds vary in size and color, they share fundamental characteristics that allow for identification.
The Distinct External Features
A healthy, mature Cannabis seed is small, typically ranging from two to five millimeters in length. Its shape is generally oval or teardrop-like, rounded at one end and tapering slightly toward the other.
The color of a mature seed varies widely, from light tan or grey to dark brown or nearly black. A hallmark feature is the presence of mottled patterns or distinct markings that often resemble “tiger stripes” or a turtle shell. These dark, intricate patterns on the outer shell are visual signs of a fully developed seed.
The exterior, known as the hull or testa, should possess a hard, smooth texture. Many seeds also exhibit a slight waxy sheen, which provides a protective layer. This tough casing shields the internal components, ensuring the seed’s viability.
Anatomy of the Seed
Beneath the hard outer shell, the seed contains the components necessary for germination and early growth. The outer layer is the pericarp or hull, a sturdy casing that must be penetrated by the emerging root during sprouting. At one end of the hull, a tiny pore called the micropyle serves as the entry point for water absorption to initiate germination.
Inside the shell, the seed is composed of two main parts: the endosperm and the embryo. The endosperm is a nutrient-rich tissue, serving as a food source containing proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids for the seedling’s initial development. This stored energy is consumed before the sprout can begin photosynthesis.
The embryo represents the miniature, dormant plant, occupying most of the seed’s internal space. It consists of the radicle, which becomes the primary root, and a set of embryonic leaves called cotyledons. The cotyledons are the first leaves to emerge, providing initial energy until the first true leaves develop.
Determining Seed Maturity
Visual inspection is the simplest method for assessing a seed’s quality and maturity. Fully mature seeds display dark, mottled colors and a firm, hard texture. Immature seeds, by contrast, are often pale green or white and may appear soft or underdeveloped.
A simple physical assessment, often called the “squeeze test,” confirms maturity. A mature seed will be hard and firm, resisting gentle pressure when squeezed between the fingers. If a seed is soft, collapses, or crumbles under light pressure, it is likely immature or non-viable.
Another common test involves placing the seeds in room-temperature water. Viable seeds are dense and generally sink to the bottom after an hour or two as they absorb moisture. Seeds that remain floating are considered less viable, as they may be hollow or dried out.