A pinched nerve, also known as a compressed nerve, occurs when surrounding tissues like bones, cartilage, muscles, or tendons apply pressure to a nerve. This compression interferes with the nerve’s normal signals, disrupting its function. While it can occur anywhere, it is common in nerves originating from the neck and traveling through the shoulder.
Common Sensations
A pinched nerve in the shoulder often creates distinct sensations. Many describe the pain as sharp, aching, or burning, frequently radiating from the shoulder down into the arm, hand, or fingers. The pain can be localized or spread along the nerve’s pathway. Some people also experience a tingling sensation, often likened to “pins and needles” or a limb “falling asleep.”
Numbness is another common sensation, involving a reduced or complete loss of feeling in the affected area. Occasionally, a sudden, jolting “electric shock” sensation may be felt, particularly with certain movements. These sensory changes can vary in intensity and may fluctuate throughout the day.
Accompanying Symptoms
Beyond direct sensory feelings, a pinched nerve in the shoulder can lead to other physical symptoms. Muscle weakness is frequent, impacting the strength of the affected arm, shoulder, or hand. This weakness might manifest as difficulty lifting the arm, gripping objects, or even dropping items.
A reduced range of motion in the shoulder, arm, or neck can also accompany a pinched nerve. Activities like turning the head, reaching overhead, or performing everyday tasks may become challenging or painful. Muscle spasms can also occur as the affected muscles react to nerve irritation. These symptoms are distinct from direct sensations and reflect the nerve’s influence on motor function and muscle control.
Factors That Influence How It Feels
The sensations and symptoms of a pinched nerve in the shoulder can change based on activities, positions, or movements. Specific neck or arm positions might aggravate or alleviate symptoms, with pain worsening when turning the head or lifting the arm. Sleeping in awkward positions, especially on the affected side, can intensify discomfort. Poor posture, such as slouching or hunching over a desk, can also exacerbate symptoms.
Repetitive motions, often associated with certain jobs or hobbies, can irritate or inflame surrounding tissues, leading to increased pressure on the nerve. This can make symptoms more pronounced during or after these activities. Some individuals report that their symptoms, particularly pain, worsen at night. Understanding these influencing factors can help identify potential triggers and manage discomfort.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many cases of a pinched nerve in the shoulder may improve with rest and at-home care, certain indicators suggest consulting a healthcare professional. If symptoms persist for more than a week despite self-care, or worsen over time, medical evaluation is advisable. Sudden onset of severe weakness or numbness in the arm or hand, or a noticeable decrease in the ability to lift the arm or grip objects, warrants prompt medical attention.
Immediate medical care is needed for loss of bladder or bowel control. Any loss of fine motor control, such as difficulty writing or fastening buttons, abnormal reflexes, or changes in gait or balance, should be evaluated without delay. These indicators help determine if professional intervention is needed to prevent potential long-term nerve damage.