The peyote plant, scientifically known as Lophophora williamsii, is a unique, spineless succulent native to the arid regions of North America. It possesses a distinct appearance that allows for its identification amidst various desert flora. This slow-growing cactus typically remains low to the ground, often with most of its structure residing beneath the soil surface. Its subtle yet specific characteristics contribute to its recognizable form in its natural habitat.
Key Physical Characteristics
The peyote plant generally presents as a small, flattened, globular stem, often referred to as a “button” or “crown,” that emerges from the ground. These stems are typically soft and fleshy, ranging in diameter from approximately 4 to 12 centimeters (about 1.6 to 4.7 inches) and standing 2 to 7 centimeters (about 0.79 to 2.76 inches) tall above the soil. The coloration of the plant can vary, commonly appearing as blue-green or gray-green, providing a subtle camouflage within its environment.
Unique Identifying Markers
The plant’s surface is divided by distinct, vertical ribs, usually numbering between five and thirteen. These ribs can sometimes appear as low, rounded, or hump-like segments. From the apex of these segments, small, circular structures called areoles emerge, which are typically spineless in mature plants. From these areoles, characteristic tufts of soft, woolly hairs, often white or yellowish, sprout and persist.
Small, delicate flowers may sporadically appear from the center of the plant, typically pink or white, measuring about 1 to 2.4 cm in length and 1 to 2.2 cm in diameter. These flowers can be followed by small, club-shaped, reddish or pinkish fruits, which are typically 1.5 to 2 cm long and contain small, black, pear-shaped seeds.
Avoiding Misidentification
Peyote can be confused with other cacti that share superficial resemblances. For instance, the Star Cactus (Astrophytum asterias) is often mistaken for peyote due to its similar size, dome shape, and spineless nature. However, Star Cactus typically has eight distinct ribs and its green or dark-green stems are often dotted with small, scattered white specks, which are absent in peyote. Additionally, the flowers of Star Cactus are usually yellow with a red or orange center, contrasting with peyote’s pink or white blooms.
Other Lophophora species and some Ariocarpus or Turbinicarpus species might also be confused, but careful observation of the specific number and appearance of ribs, the texture and color of the stem, and the characteristics of the woolly tufts and flowers are essential for accurate identification. Relying on a combination of these markers, rather than a single feature, provides the most reliable identification method.