Paper wasps are common insects that can deliver a painful sting when they feel threatened or their nest is disturbed. This article describes the typical experience of a paper wasp sting, from the initial impact to the lasting effects, and outlines appropriate first aid measures.
The Initial Sting Sensation
A paper wasp sting typically delivers an immediate, sharp, and intense pain. Many describe this sensation as feeling like a hot needle piercing the skin, an electric shock, or a sudden, fiery burn. The suddenness and intensity of the pain are due to the venom injected by the wasp’s stinger, which contains compounds like acetylcholine and serotonin that directly activate pain receptors in the skin.
This initial jabbing pain is often followed by a throbbing or burning sensation that can persist for some time. Unlike honeybees, paper wasps do not leave their stinger embedded in the skin, allowing them to sting multiple times.
Common Physical Reactions
Following the initial sharp pain, the area around a paper wasp sting develops localized physical reactions. The sting site will often become red and swollen, with a raised welt forming. A tiny discolored mark may also be visible in the center of the welt where the stinger punctured the skin.
The affected area may also feel warm to the touch and develop an itching sensation. These symptoms are normal inflammatory responses as the body reacts to the injected venom. In some cases, a mild fever may occur.
How Long Symptoms Last
The most intense pain from a paper wasp sting usually subsides quickly, often within one to two hours. However, the localized symptoms such as swelling, redness, and itching can persist for a longer duration. These discomforts might peak around 48 hours after the sting and can last for several days.
For some individuals, a larger localized reaction may occur, where swelling and discoloration increase for two or three days. These more pronounced reactions can take up to a week or even ten days to fully subside. While uncomfortable, these extended local reactions are not typically life-threatening.
What To Do After a Sting
After a paper wasp sting, immediate first aid can help alleviate symptoms. Clean the sting area thoroughly with soap and water to remove any remaining venom. Apply a cold compress or ice pack to the sting site to help reduce swelling and pain; ensure a barrier like a towel is between the ice and skin.
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain, while antihistamines, either oral or topical creams, can reduce itching and swelling. If the sting is on an extremity, elevating the limb can also assist in reducing swelling. Monitor the sting site for any signs of infection, such as discharge or worsening pain, which would warrant medical consultation.
Seek immediate medical attention if signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) develop. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can appear rapidly and include:
- Widespread hives or itching
- Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
- Difficulty breathing, wheezing
- Dizziness, lightheadedness
- A sudden drop in blood pressure
- Loss of consciousness
If these symptoms occur, call emergency services immediately. Medical attention is also advised for stings in or around the eyes, mouth, nose, or throat due to potential swelling that could affect breathing.