A transvaginal ultrasound is a specialized imaging procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of a woman’s internal pelvic organs. This method provides a clearer and closer view compared to an abdominal ultrasound. Its primary purpose is to examine the reproductive system, assisting healthcare providers in assessing various gynecological conditions.
What a Transvaginal Ultrasound Examines
A transvaginal ultrasound uses a probe inserted into the vagina, allowing for close proximity to the internal pelvic organs. This provides high-resolution, detailed imaging.
This examination focuses on the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and cervix. It also provides views of the surrounding pelvic area, including the bladder.
Visualizing Normal Pelvic Structures
On a normal transvaginal ultrasound, the uterus appears as a pear-shaped, muscular organ. Its position is commonly tilted towards the anterior abdominal wall, known as anteverted. A healthy uterus measures between 6 to 10 centimeters in length and 3 to 5 centimeters in depth.
The inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium, changes in appearance throughout the menstrual cycle. It can appear as a thin, bright line or a thicker, three-layered structure. The muscular wall, the myometrium, appears homogeneous.
The ovaries are seen as almond-shaped structures located on either side of the uterus. Their size can vary depending on a woman’s age and menstrual cycle. In premenopausal women, ovaries measure around 3.5 x 2.5 x 1.5 centimeters, with a normal volume ranging from 1.2 to 9.4 cubic centimeters. Small, dark, round structures called follicles, which contain eggs, are visible within the ovaries, especially a dominant follicle in the mid-cycle.
Normal fallopian tubes are generally not visible on an ultrasound. If seen, they appear as solid structures, distinct from the ovaries and similar in echogenicity (brightness) to the uterus.
The cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus, appears on ultrasound with an echogenic line representing its canal. A normal cervix measures approximately 2.5 to 3 centimeters in length and 2.5 centimeters in width. Both the internal and external openings of the cervix are discernible.
The urinary bladder, when adequately filled, appears as an anechoic (black or fluid-filled) structure with smooth, thin walls. Its wall thickness is less than 5 millimeters when distended. The bladder’s shape can vary.
What to Expect After Your Scan
Following your transvaginal ultrasound, the images are reviewed and interpreted by a radiologist or sonologist. These medical professionals analyze the findings to create a report.
Once the interpretation is complete, a formal report detailing the findings is prepared and sent to your referring doctor. The timeframe for receiving these results can vary.
Your doctor will then discuss the ultrasound results with you during a follow-up appointment to explain the findings and determine any next steps.