The prostate gland is a small organ that plays a role in the male reproductive system. Situated just below the bladder and in front of the rectum, it surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body. Its primary function involves producing a milky fluid that mixes with sperm and other glandular fluids to form semen, contributing to sperm nourishment and transport. Understanding the typical characteristics of a healthy prostate can help individuals recognize when something might be amiss.
Characteristics of a Healthy Prostate
A healthy prostate typically resembles the size and shape of a walnut or a chestnut in adults, though it can naturally enlarge slightly with age. Its common dimensions are approximately 3 cm high, 4 cm wide, and 2 cm thick, with a volume around 20 cubic centimeters. This gland typically weighs between 15 to 25 grams. While these are general measurements, individual variations are common.
When examined, a normal prostate usually feels firm and elastic, sometimes compared to the consistency of the tip of one’s nose. It should also have a smooth surface and typically presents with a groove that divides it into two more or less symmetrical halves. The gland is composed of muscular, glandular, and stromal tissues. Glandular tissue is responsible for secreting components of seminal fluid, while stromal tissue provides support and shape to the organ.
The prostate does not stop growing throughout a man’s life, and this natural enlargement can occur without necessarily indicating a problem. For instance, around age 40, the prostate may begin to grow to approximately the size of an apricot, and by age 60, it could reach the size of a lemon or even a tennis ball. Urologists often use volume measurements obtained through ultrasounds to characterize prostate size, rather than just weight.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While some prostate changes are normal with age, certain symptoms suggest a visit to a healthcare provider is warranted. Difficulty starting to urinate, a weak or interrupted urine stream, or needing to push or strain to urinate are concerning indicators. Experiencing a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying or dribbling urine after finishing urination also suggests a potential issue.
Frequent urination, especially needing to wake up multiple times during the night to urinate, can also be a symptom of a prostate problem. Other signs that warrant medical attention include pain or a burning sensation during urination, or the presence of blood in the urine or semen.
Persistent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, pelvic area, or upper thighs should also be discussed with a doctor. While a professional examination is the most accurate method for assessing prostate health, any noticeable changes during self-palpation should prompt a medical consultation. These symptoms do not definitively point to a specific condition but indicate that further evaluation is needed to determine the underlying cause.