Moles (nevi) are common skin growths made up of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. While most babies are born without them, moles frequently appear during infancy and early childhood. They are a normal part of skin development. Moles increase in number throughout childhood and adolescence, with many individuals developing 10 to 40 moles by adulthood.
Typical Characteristics of Childhood Moles
A normal childhood mole is generally symmetrical, meaning if you drew a line through the center, both halves would look alike. The shape is typically round or oval, with smooth, well-defined borders that clearly separate the mole from the surrounding skin.
The color of a benign mole is uniform throughout the entire spot, most often appearing as a single shade of brown, tan, or sometimes pink. Normal acquired moles are usually small, frequently measuring less than 6 millimeters across, which is roughly the size of a pencil eraser. They may be flat against the skin or slightly raised, and their texture is generally smooth.
Normal Developmental Changes
A mole is a dynamic growth that changes naturally as a child develops. A normal mole will increase in size proportionally as the child grows, which is an expected consequence of skin stretching. This growth is gradual, occurring over months and years rather than weeks.
Over time, the color of a mole may also change slightly, either lightening or darkening, particularly during periods of hormonal fluctuation like puberty. A flat spot may slowly become more raised or domed over several years. These developmental changes happen slowly and uniformly, maintaining the original symmetrical shape and consistent color.
Identifying Atypical or Concerning Moles
Parents should be aware of specific signs that differentiate a normal, gradually changing mole from one that requires medical attention. Dermatologists often use a modified version of the ABCDE method to identify potentially concerning growths in children.
The most important warning sign is evolution, which refers to any rapid change in the mole’s size, shape, color, or elevation. A mole that begins to look significantly different from the child’s other moles, often called the “ugly duckling” sign, should raise suspicion.
Other atypical features include asymmetry, irregular or jagged borders, which are notched or blurred instead of smooth and well-defined. The presence of multiple shades of color, such as variations of tan, brown, black, red, or blue within a single lesion, warrants professional review. A mole that is rapidly growing or is already larger than 6 millimeters should be monitored closely.
Seeking Professional Evaluation
Any mole exhibiting atypical characteristics should be examined by a healthcare provider. The most worrisome signs that necessitate an immediate appointment include a mole that begins to bleed, crust, itch, or feel painful without being physically injured.
Even if a mole is not showing severe signs, consulting a pediatrician or dermatologist is recommended if a parent feels concerned or uncertain about a new or changing spot. Regular skin checks are a proactive measure, and early detection of problematic changes significantly improves outcomes.