Many people encounter large, long-legged insects often called “mosquito hawks” or “skeeter eaters,” mistakenly believing these creatures prey on mosquitoes. This common name refers to the crane fly, an insect belonging to the family Tipulidae. Despite their mosquito-like appearance and the popular misconception, crane flies are not aggressive predators of mosquitoes or other insects. This article clarifies their true dietary habits, shedding light on what they actually consume during their life cycle.
What Adult Crane Flies Eat
Adult crane flies typically have a very short lifespan, often lasting only a few days to a week. Their primary focus during this brief adult stage is reproduction. Many species do not feed at all, possessing underdeveloped or non-functional mouthparts.
When they do consume food, their diet consists primarily of nectar from flowers, which they sip to gain energy. Some may also feed on decaying organic matter found on plant surfaces. Adult crane flies do not bite humans or other animals, nor do they consume mosquitoes or any other insects. Their delicate mouthparts are not adapted for predation, rendering the “mosquito hawk” moniker inaccurate regarding their adult feeding habits.
What Crane Fly Larvae Eat
The larval stage of the crane fly, often called “leatherjackets” due to their tough skin, has a distinctly different diet from adults. These larvae are active feeders, sometimes spending years, consuming various organic materials. Leatherjackets primarily feed on decaying organic matter within the soil, such as decomposing plant material and leaf litter.
They also commonly consume plant roots, including those of grasses, which can occasionally lead to damage in lawns or agricultural fields. Depending on the species and habitat, some larvae may also feed on fungi, algae, or small aquatic insects and invertebrates. These larvae are typically found in moist environments like damp soil, gardens, and along streams.
Crane Flies in the Ecosystem
Crane flies, in both adult and larval forms, contribute to their ecosystems in several ways. Adult crane flies, when feeding on nectar, can play a minor role in plant pollination. The larvae are significant decomposers, breaking down dead plant material and other organic matter, which recycles nutrients back into the soil. This process supports soil health and new vegetation growth.
Crane flies are harmless to humans and do not bite or sting. The misconception that they are “mosquito hawks” is unfounded, as they do not prey on mosquitoes. Instead, crane flies serve as a food source for various animals, including birds, bats, spiders, and amphibians, making them an important part of many food webs. Their presence often indicates a healthy environment.