The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a subtropical evergreen tree valued for its foliage and edible fruit. Native to central eastern China, it was introduced to Japan over a thousand years ago, where it became highly valued and horticulturally developed. This plant is now cultivated in many subtropical regions globally, often serving as an ornamental feature in gardens and parks.
The Loquat Fruit’s Appearance
The loquat fruit generally presents as a small, rounded to oval shape, sometimes appearing pear-shaped or obovoid. These fruits typically measure between 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.5 cm) in length. The skin is thin and can be smooth or slightly fuzzy.
As the fruit ripens, its color transforms from green to shades of yellow, orange, or a reddish-orange hue. Beneath the delicate skin lies a juicy, aromatic flesh that is firm when ripe. The flesh itself can range in color from a pale yellow to a vibrant orange.
Within the fruit’s center are usually one to five large, glossy, dark brown seeds, though some fruits may contain up to ten. These seeds are generally easy to remove and are quite prominent in size relative to the fruit.
The Loquat Tree and Leaves
The loquat tree is a small to medium-sized evergreen, often growing as a large shrub, reaching 10 to 33 feet (3 to 10 meters) tall. It commonly forms a rounded canopy with dense foliage, contributing to its ornamental appeal. The tree’s branches are adorned with thick, stiff leaves clustered towards their ends.
Loquat leaves are large, measuring 8 to 10 inches (200-250 mm) in length, with a leathery texture. Their upper surface is a dark, glossy green, while the underside is lighter, sometimes covered in a fine, tan fuzz. These leaves are typically elliptic or lanceolate, with coarsely serrated or toothed margins and prominent veins. Small, white, fragrant flowers emerge in dense clusters, known as panicles, appearing in the autumn or early winter before the fruit develops.
Identifying Ripeness and Common Variations
Identifying a ripe loquat involves observing several visual cues. The fruit’s color serves as a primary indicator, shifting from green to a distinct yellow or orange. A slight softening to the touch also suggests ripeness. When ready for harvest, the fruit should detach easily from its stem. Occasionally, small brown spots, often referred to as freckles, may appear on the skin of fully ripe loquats, which is a normal characteristic.
While loquats share general visual traits, there can be some variations. Differences in size, the intensity of skin color, and the degree of fuzziness can occur depending on the specific cultivar or the environmental conditions in which the tree grows.