A joint subluxation, also known as a partial dislocation, occurs when the surfaces of a joint are no longer in their normal alignment but still maintain some contact. This differs from a complete dislocation, where the bones lose all connection within the joint.
Understanding Subluxation
Subluxation is a partial displacement of bones within a joint, where they are out of their proper position but still maintain some contact. This can interfere with normal joint movement and may affect surrounding soft tissues, including nerves. While it can occur in nearly any movable joint, certain areas are more commonly affected due to their structure or frequent use.
The spine is a common site for vertebral subluxations, often resulting from trauma, poor posture, or repetitive motions that can strain ligaments and pressure nerves. Beyond the spine, other joints frequently susceptible to subluxation include the shoulder, kneecap (patella), and elbow. For instance, a shoulder subluxation means the upper arm bone partially slips from its socket, leading to a feeling of looseness. Similarly, a patellar subluxation involves the kneecap moving partially out of its groove.
Common Sensations and Symptoms
Pain is a primary indicator of a joint subluxation. This pain can manifest as a dull ache, a sharp sensation, or a throbbing discomfort, and its intensity can vary from mild to severe depending on the extent of the misalignment. Movements or specific body positions may worsen the pain. Swelling around the affected joint is also common, sometimes accompanied by bruising.
Many people report stiffness or a reduced range of motion in the affected joint. This can make everyday activities like bending, turning, or lifting challenging, leading to a feeling of being “locked” or restricted. The joint might also feel unstable, giving a sensation that it could “give way” or is unsteady during movement. Weakness in the muscles surrounding the subluxated joint or in the affected limb can also be present, hindering the ability to bear weight or perform routine tasks.
Subluxations can sometimes lead to nerve compression or irritation, causing sensations like numbness or tingling, often described as “pins and needles”. These sensations might occur directly around the joint or radiate to areas distant from the subluxation itself, such as tingling in the fingers due to a neck subluxation. Some individuals may hear clicking, popping, or grinding sounds when moving the affected joint, indicating abnormal movement. Surrounding muscles may also react by tensing up or going into spasm, becoming tender to the touch.
Factors Contributing to Subluxation
Several factors can contribute to a joint subluxation. Traumatic events are common causes, including sudden impacts from vehicular mishaps, sports-related collisions, or falls. These acute injuries can stretch or tear the ligaments that stabilize a joint, leading to partial displacement.
Repetitive stress or overuse is another significant contributor. Activities that involve repeated motions, such as certain athletic movements or occupational tasks, can place ongoing strain on a joint, potentially causing misalignment over time. Poor posture, particularly chronic misalignment during daily activities like prolonged sitting, can also lead to subluxations, especially in the spine. This sustained improper positioning can create uneven pressure on joints and contribute to wear and tear. Degenerative changes, such as age-related wear and tear on joint cartilage or conditions like arthritis, can also increase the risk of subluxation by compromising joint stability.
When to Seek Professional Guidance
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for persistent or worsening symptoms related to a joint subluxation. A medical evaluation can accurately determine the issue and guide appropriate steps.
Immediate consultation is warranted if symptoms appear suddenly after an injury, or if there is visible deformity of the joint. Progressive numbness, tingling, or weakness in an affected area or limb also signals a need for professional evaluation, as these could indicate nerve involvement. If you find yourself unable to move a joint normally, or if symptoms do not improve with rest and self-care over a few days, it is time to seek medical advice.