When the elbow joint extends backward beyond its typical range of motion, it is known as a hyperextended elbow. This movement can cause strain or damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons, and bones. Recognizing this injury quickly is important for appropriate initial action. This article details the visual signs, physical sensations, and immediate steps to take if you suspect this injury.
Distinct Visual Indicators
A hyperextended elbow often presents with several observable physical changes. Swelling is a common indicator, making the affected elbow appear noticeably larger or puffier compared to the uninjured arm.
Discoloration, such as bruising or red and blotchy skin, may develop around the injured area. Bruising might not appear immediately, sometimes becoming visible hours or even a day after the injury occurs. In more severe cases, a visible deformity of the elbow joint can be present, indicating a dislocation or shifted bones. Comparing the injured arm to the uninjured one can help identify any abnormal angle or appearance.
Accompanying Physical Sensations and Limitations
Beyond visible changes, a hyperextended elbow causes a range of distinct physical sensations and functional limitations. Sharp pain is common at the moment of injury, sometimes accompanied by a popping sound. This pain can persist as a dull ache or intensify with movement or touch.
Tenderness to the touch around the elbow joint is also reported. Movement of the arm becomes difficult, with stiffness and a limited ability to fully straighten or bend the elbow. Individuals might also experience a temporary loss of strength in the affected arm, making everyday tasks challenging. Muscle spasms in the biceps are another possible sensation, and in some instances, numbness or tingling can occur if nerves are affected.
Immediate Steps After Suspecting Hyperextension
If a hyperextended elbow is suspected based on visual signs and physical sensations, immediate action can help manage the injury. Applying the RICE method—Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation—is a recommended first step. Resting the arm by avoiding movements that cause pain helps prevent further damage and allows tissues to begin healing.
Applying ice to the injured area for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day, helps reduce pain and swelling. Compression, using an elastic bandage wrapped around the elbow, can help control swelling and provide some support, ensuring it’s firm but not so tight as to cause numbness. Elevating the injured arm above heart level, such as by resting it on pillows, also assists in reducing swelling by promoting fluid drainage. It is important to seek professional medical attention promptly for a proper diagnosis and to rule out more severe injuries like fractures or dislocations.