Hummingbirds are captivating birds, but their nests often remain unseen. These tiny structures are marvels of natural engineering, meticulously crafted by the female hummingbird. Their small size and intricate design make them difficult to spot.
Distinctive Physical Features
A hummingbird nest is a compact, cup-shaped structure, typically measuring around 1.5 inches in outer diameter and standing about 1.3 to 1.6 inches tall. This diminutive size is often compared to half a walnut or a ping-pong ball, making it one of the smallest nests in the avian world. The interior of the nest is a soft, velvety cup, providing a secure and comfortable space for the tiny eggs and growing chicks.
The exterior of the nest is expertly camouflaged, designed to blend seamlessly with its natural surroundings. It is adorned with bits of lichen, moss, or bark, meticulously attached to the outer surface. This use of materials makes the nest appear like a small, natural knot or bump on a tree branch. The finished nest is firm yet elastic, allowing it to stretch and expand as the nestlings grow.
Remarkable Building Materials
Hummingbird nests are constructed from lightweight, strong materials. A primary component is spider silk, which functions as a flexible binding agent. This sticky, stretchy silk holds other materials together and securely anchors the nest to its chosen foundation. The female hummingbird gathers spider silk by sticking it to her beak and breast, then weaves it into the structure.
The soft interior lining is often made from plant down, such as fluffy fibers from dandelions or thistles. These materials provide warmth and a soft cushion for the delicate eggs and hatchlings. Small bits of bark, leaves, fine plant fibers, and even animal fur or feathers may also be incorporated. The female uses her body to shape the nest, pressing and rotating to form the cup and stiffen the base.
Preferred Nesting Locations
Hummingbirds are particular about where they establish their nests, prioritizing concealment and protection. Nests are commonly found on slender, downward-sloping branches, often located in trees or shrubs. These sites are typically between 6 to 50 feet above the ground, with an average height ranging from 10 to 20 feet. The chosen branch often has an overhead canopy of leaves, providing additional shelter from rain and direct sunlight.
Many hummingbirds select nesting spots near water sources, which can provide a cooler environment and access to insects. They may also build along the edges of open areas like lawns or near the shorelines of lakes and streams. While most nests are found in natural vegetation, hummingbirds have occasionally been observed building in unexpected locations, including wires, fence posts, or even hanging decorations, adapting to available secure spots.