The kidneys maintain the body’s internal balance by filtering waste products from the blood and regulating fluid and electrolyte levels. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) measures how effectively these organs perform this function. It estimates the volume of blood filtered by the tiny filtering units within the kidneys, called glomeruli, each minute. Healthcare professionals use GFR to assess overall kidney health and detect declining function. Understanding GFR helps recognize kidney conditions early, allowing for timely management.
What a GFR of 31 Means
A GFR of 31 mL/min/1.73m² signifies Stage 3B Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This stage indicates a moderate to severe reduction in kidney function, with kidneys operating at approximately 30-44% of healthy capacity. At this level, kidneys are less effective at removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood, which can lead to a buildup of substances in the body.
Individuals with a GFR of 31 may experience symptoms such as fatigue, swelling in the extremities, and nausea. Complications like high blood pressure, anemia (low red blood cell count), and issues with mineral and bone metabolism can emerge. While a GFR of 31 indicates a serious condition, it is typically considered the “middle stage” of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is not yet required. Monitoring GFR and urine albumin levels provides a comprehensive picture of kidney damage and progression risk.
Common Causes and Contributing Factors
Several conditions and factors can contribute to a GFR of 31. Diabetes, both type 1 and type 2, is a leading cause of kidney disease. High blood pressure is another frequent contributor, as uncontrolled hypertension can damage kidney blood vessels, impairing their filtering ability. Other specific kidney diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis, directly affect kidney structure and function, leading to GFR decline.
Beyond specific diseases, other elements influence kidney health. Advancing age naturally causes a gradual decrease in GFR. A family history of kidney disease also increases susceptibility. Lifestyle factors like smoking, obesity, and existing cardiovascular disease are risk factors for CKD development and progression. Additionally, certain medications, including some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and specific blood pressure medications, can affect kidney function.
Strategies for Managing Kidney Health
Managing kidney health with a GFR of 31 involves a multi-faceted approach to slow disease progression and alleviate symptoms. Dietary modifications are often recommended, including limiting sodium intake to help control blood pressure and fluid retention. Protein intake may need adjustment, focusing on high-quality sources. Monitoring and potentially restricting phosphorus and potassium may also be necessary, as imbalances can lead to bone and heart issues.
Medication management is an important part of care. Controlling blood pressure is a primary goal, often achieved with specific medications. For individuals with diabetes, maintaining blood sugar levels within target ranges helps protect kidney function. Managing cholesterol levels is also important for overall cardiovascular health, which impacts the kidneys. Beyond diet and medication, lifestyle adjustments like regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol intake can contribute to preserving kidney function. Regular medical check-ups are also important to monitor kidney function and adjust management plans.
Outlook and Ongoing Care
For individuals with a GFR of 31, ongoing care focuses on continuous monitoring and proactive management to maintain kidney function and prevent further decline. Regular assessments include checking GFR, serum creatinine, electrolytes, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. These tests track the kidneys’ filtering ability and detect changes. Blood pressure should also be consistently monitored and managed.
While a GFR of 31 places individuals at a higher risk of progression, many can avoid advancing to more severe stages of kidney disease with diligent care. Early intervention and adherence to management strategies can significantly slow the progression of kidney damage and mitigate associated complications. A healthcare team, including a nephrologist (kidney specialist), provides guidance and support, ensuring tailored treatment plans.