Immediate Sensations of an Elbow Fracture
An elbow fracture often begins with sudden, intense pain, described as a sharp, piercing sensation. This immediate discomfort is overwhelming. Following the initial sharp pain, a deep, persistent ache sets in, throbbing continuously around the elbow joint. This discomfort feels constant, intensifying with any attempt at movement or touch.
Individuals might also hear or feel a distinct popping or grinding sensation at the time of impact. This indicates the bone breaking or fragments shifting within the joint. Severe pain can also cause feelings of shock or lightheadedness.
In some instances, a fractured elbow can lead to numbness or tingling in the hand or fingers. This sensation occurs if a nerve, such as the ulnar nerve near the elbow, is compressed or irritated by the injury. The altered sensation can range from a pins-and-needles feeling to a complete lack of feeling in parts of the hand.
Observable and Functional Indications
Beyond the immediate pain, a fractured elbow presents several observable signs shortly after the injury. Swelling around the elbow joint begins rapidly, causing the area to appear puffy. This can obscure the normal contours of the joint. Bruising, or skin discoloration, may also become visible within hours or a day.
A visible deformity of the elbow or arm can also indicate a fracture. This might appear as an unnatural angle, a noticeable bump, or a depression where the bone has shifted out of alignment.
Functionally, an elbow fracture severely limits arm movement. Individuals will likely experience difficulty or inability to bend, straighten, or rotate their forearm. Any attempt to move the arm exacerbates the pain considerably. There might also be a feeling of instability in the joint, as if the elbow is loose or prone to giving way.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Any suspicion of an elbow fracture requires immediate medical evaluation. Persistent, severe pain that does not subside shortly after an injury indicates professional attention is needed. Obvious deformities around the elbow, such as an unusual angle or visible displacement of bone, also warrant urgent care.
If an individual is unable to move their arm or bear any weight through it, medical assessment is important. Numbness, tingling, or a cold sensation in the hand or fingers after an elbow injury demands immediate medical attention, as these symptoms can indicate nerve damage or compromised blood flow. Additionally, any open wounds near the injury site require emergency medical intervention to prevent infection and assess the fracture.
Initial Medical Evaluation and Care
Upon seeking medical attention for a suspected elbow fracture, a healthcare professional will conduct a thorough physical examination. This involves inspecting the elbow for swelling, bruising, and deformity, as well as assessing the range of motion and tenderness. The doctor will also check for nerve function and blood circulation in the hand and fingers.
To confirm the diagnosis, imaging studies are essential. X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool used to visualize the bones of the elbow joint and identify any breaks or dislocations. Based on the X-ray findings, the medical team can accurately assess the type and severity of the fracture.
Following diagnosis, temporary immobilization of the arm is an initial step. This often involves placing the arm in a splint or a sling to prevent further movement and provide stability. This measure helps manage pain and protect the elbow until a definitive treatment plan is established. Pain management strategies, such as over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers, will also be initiated.