Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They are made of muscle and connective tissue and can vary significantly in size, from microscopic to as large as a grapefruit. While many individuals with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may encounter issues such as heavy or painful periods.
The Process of Fibroid Degeneration
Fibroid degeneration, often called a “dying fibroid,” occurs when a fibroid outgrows its blood supply. Fibroids need a consistent supply of oxygen and nutrients from blood vessels to grow. When a fibroid grows too large too quickly, existing blood vessels may no longer provide adequate nourishment. This insufficient blood flow leads to the breakdown and death of cells within the fibroid, a process known as necrosis.
The body attempts to respond to this tissue breakdown, which triggers an inflammatory response. Different forms of degeneration exist, including hyaline, cystic, and red degeneration, with hyaline being the most common. While a fibroid may temporarily shrink or stabilize after degeneration, it can sometimes regrow and re-enter this cycle if its blood supply improves.
Describing the Sensations
Sensations associated with a degenerating fibroid are distinct and often more intense than typical fibroid symptoms. A primary indicator is acute, severe pain, commonly described as sharp or stabbing, localized in the abdomen or pelvic area. This pain can also manifest as a persistent, dull ache or cramping. The intensity can vary, but it is typically constant rather than intermittent.
The pain stems from chemicals released by dying fibroid cells, which can also cause swelling. Common locations for this discomfort include the pelvic region, lower abdomen, and lower back. Other symptoms can accompany degeneration, such as a low-grade fever, nausea, vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise.
Managing Acute Symptoms
Symptoms of fibroid degeneration typically last from a few days to a couple of weeks. In some cases, especially with pedunculated fibroids where the stalk twists, the pain can be more severe and prolonged. As the degeneration process completes, acute pain usually subsides, though chronic pelvic pain can sometimes persist.
For immediate relief of acute pain, over-the-counter pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are often recommended. Resting and applying heat therapy, such as a heating pad, to the abdominal area can also help manage symptoms. These measures alleviate temporary symptoms rather than providing a long-term solution for the fibroids themselves.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
Consulting a healthcare provider is crucial if you experience symptoms suggestive of fibroid degeneration, particularly if the pain is severe, worsening, or unmanageable with home care. A high fever, abnormal or severe bleeding between periods, or symptoms persisting beyond a few weeks are additional reasons to seek medical attention. These signs could indicate complications or a need for further evaluation.
A healthcare provider can diagnose fibroid degeneration through a physical examination and medical imaging. An ultrasound is a common diagnostic tool to visualize fibroids and assess their condition. In some instances, additional imaging techniques like an MRI might be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions that might present with similar symptoms. Professional evaluation ensures appropriate management and addresses any underlying concerns.