Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches, known as diverticula, that form in the lining of the colon become inflamed. While many individuals with these pouches (a condition called diverticulosis) experience no symptoms, a diverticulitis flare-up can cause distinct sensations. The experience of a flare can vary, but typically involves a combination of abdominal discomfort and other bodily reactions.
Core Abdominal Sensations
The primary sensation during a diverticulitis flare is often abdominal pain. This pain commonly localizes in the lower left side of the abdomen, where diverticula frequently form in people of European descent. However, the pain can sometimes appear in the lower right side, especially in individuals of Asian descent, due to differences in where diverticula tend to develop. The nature of this pain can range from a dull ache to sharp, intense, or cramping sensations.
The pain may begin mildly and gradually worsen over several days, or it can strike suddenly and intensely. It often persists for hours or even days and may be constant rather than intermittent. The affected area feels tender to the touch, and applying pressure or moving can intensify the discomfort.
Accompanying Physical Manifestations
Beyond the localized abdominal pain, a diverticulitis flare often brings about other physical symptoms that contribute to a general feeling of being unwell. Changes in bowel habits are common, with constipation being a frequent occurrence, though diarrhea can also happen. This shift reflects the inflammation impacting the normal movement of waste through the digestive system.
Nausea is another common companion to the abdominal discomfort, sometimes leading to vomiting. These gastrointestinal symptoms can reduce appetite and make eating unappealing. Additionally, a low-grade fever, around 100.4°F (38°C), may develop as the body responds to the inflammation or potential infection. Some individuals may also experience bloating or a feeling of trapped gas, which can further distend the abdomen.
Recognizing Worsening Signs
Monitoring symptoms is important, as some changes can indicate a flare is intensifying or becoming complicated. A noticeable increase in the severity or persistence of abdominal pain, particularly if it becomes excruciating or spreads, can be a sign of a more serious situation.
The development of a high fever, especially one exceeding 100.4°F (38°C), accompanied by chills, points towards a more significant infection. Persistent vomiting that prevents keeping down liquids is also a concerning sign, as it can lead to dehydration and may suggest a bowel obstruction. Other indicators of worsening include the presence of blood in stools, a complete inability to pass gas or stool, or an abdomen that feels rigid and very tender to the touch.
When to Seek Urgent Care
Certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention to prevent complications. Seek urgent care if you experience:
Severe, sudden, or rapidly worsening abdominal pain.
A persistent high fever, especially with chills.
Inability to keep fluids down due to excessive vomiting, or any significant rectal bleeding.
An abdomen that is severely tender, rigid, or distended, or a complete inability to pass gas or stool.