A dislocated hip is a serious injury where the femur is forced out of its acetabulum. This joint is typically very stable, secured by strong ligaments and muscles, meaning it usually requires significant force to displace it. Such an injury is considered a medical emergency because it can cause substantial pain and render the leg unable to support weight or move normally. Prompt medical attention is necessary to reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Visible Signs of Dislocation
When a hip dislocates, the affected leg often presents with distinct visual changes. The leg may appear noticeably shorter than the uninjured leg. This shortening is often accompanied by an abnormal rotation of the limb. In most cases, the hip dislocates backward (posterior dislocation), causing the knee and foot to turn inward towards the body’s midline.
Alternatively, if the hip dislocates forward (anterior dislocation), the leg will typically rotate outward, with the knee and foot pointing away from the body. Observing the hip or groin area may reveal an obvious deformity. Bruising and swelling often develop around the hip joint due to soft tissue damage and internal bleeding. The leg’s fixed, unnatural position makes it impossible for the individual to move it normally.
Accompanying Symptoms
Beyond the visible changes, a dislocated hip causes immediate and severe pain. This intense discomfort radiates throughout the hip and groin region, sometimes extending down the leg or to the lower back. The disruption of the joint’s alignment and associated muscle spasms contribute to this pain.
Individuals experience an inability to move the affected leg, as any attempt to do so intensifies the pain. Bearing weight on the injured leg becomes impossible due to the severe pain and instability of the joint. Nerve involvement can lead to sensations of numbness or tingling in the leg or foot if nerves are compressed or stretched during the dislocation.
Immediate Actions
Identifying a potential hip dislocation requires immediate actions to prevent further harm. Call for emergency medical help, such as an ambulance. Do not move the injured person or manipulate the dislocated hip yourself, as this can worsen the injury by causing additional damage to surrounding tissues, nerves, or blood vessels. Medical professionals are trained to safely manage such injuries and have the necessary equipment.
While waiting for emergency services to arrive, keep the person as still and comfortable as possible. Lay them flat on their back and provide support to minimize movement of the injured hip. Cover the person with a blanket to maintain body temperature, particularly if they are in shock. It is also generally recommended to avoid giving the injured person anything to eat or drink, as they may require anesthesia for the hip reduction procedure upon arrival at the hospital. Professional medical attention is essential for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment, which typically involves carefully repositioning the hip back into its socket.