A deviated septum occurs when the nasal septum, the thin wall of bone and cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into two nostrils, is off-center. This displacement makes one nasal passage smaller than the other. While many people have some degree of deviation, often without knowing it, a more significant shift can lead to various issues.
External Visual Cues
A deviated septum might present with visible external signs, though this is not always the case. One common external cue is a noticeable crookedness of the nose, where the overall structure appears off-center. This asymmetry can sometimes be subtle or pronounced, depending on the severity and location of the septal deviation.
Another external indication is that one nostril appears smaller or more compressed than the other. This unevenness can be observed by looking at the underside of the nose, where a clear difference in the size or shape of the nostril openings might suggest an underlying septal shift. However, many individuals with the condition have no outward signs.
Internal Manifestations and Accompanying Symptoms
Many individuals with a deviated septum do not exhibit obvious external signs, making the internal manifestations and accompanying symptoms the primary indicators. A common complaint is chronic nasal congestion or difficulty breathing through one or both nostrils, often feeling worse on one side. This blockage arises because the deviated septum physically obstructs airflow within the nasal passages, reducing air that can pass through.
The altered airflow can also lead to frequent nosebleeds, as dry air passing through the narrowed passage can irritate and dry out the moist membranes lining the nose. Impaired drainage due to the deviation can result in recurrent sinus infections, causing symptoms like facial pain or pressure around the sinuses. People may also experience a reduced sense of smell because air carrying scent particles cannot reach the olfactory receptors effectively.
Disrupted sleep is another common symptom, often characterized by loud breathing or snoring. In more severe cases, it can contribute to sleep apnea, a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts. Some individuals might also develop a preference for sleeping on one side to optimize nasal airflow at night. The persistent need to breathe through the mouth, especially during sleep, can lead to dry mouth and throat irritation.
When to Consult a Professional
Self-diagnosis based solely on visual cues or symptoms is not sufficient for a definitive medical conclusion. If you experience persistent nasal obstruction, frequent nosebleeds, recurrent sinus infections, or significant sleep disturbances, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. These symptoms can indicate a deviated septum or other underlying nasal issues that require proper evaluation.
A doctor, often an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, can provide a conclusive diagnosis. The examination typically involves a visual inspection of the nasal passages using a nasal speculum. Sometimes an endoscopy may be performed to view the internal structures more thoroughly. If a deviated septum is confirmed and causes significant problems, various treatment options are available to alleviate symptoms and improve nasal function.