A Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a specialized imaging technique using X-rays and computer processing to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. These images, often called “slices,” provide a much more comprehensive view than traditional X-rays. A pelvic CT scan specifically focuses on the lower part of the torso, between the hip bones. This advanced imaging method offers a detailed look at the complex structures within the pelvic region.
Purpose of a Pelvic CT Scan
Doctors frequently order a pelvic CT scan to investigate a range of symptoms and conditions affecting the lower torso. One common reason is to determine the cause of unexplained pelvic pain.
This scan is also valuable for assessing injuries, particularly after trauma. A pelvic CT scan plays a role in evaluating the spread of cancer, a process known as staging.
Furthermore, it helps diagnose infections or inflammatory conditions. The scan can also assist in investigating other urinary or bowel problems.
Anatomical Structures Revealed
A pelvic CT scan provides detailed images of the normal anatomical structures within the pelvic region. It clearly visualizes the major bones, including the ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx, which form the bony ring of the pelvis, along with the hip joints.
The scan also shows parts of the digestive system, such as the rectum and sections of the small and large intestines, including the sigmoid colon. The urinary system is also well-depicted, with clear views of the bladder and the distal portions of the ureters.
In females, the reproductive organs like the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are visible. For males, the prostate gland and seminal vesicles can be seen. Additionally, the scan reveals major blood vessels, such as the iliac arteries and veins, and various lymph nodes within the pelvic area.
Conditions Identified
A pelvic CT scan is a tool for identifying various medical conditions and abnormalities. In cases of trauma, it can detect fractures of the pelvic bones or hip joints and internal bleeding, such as hematomas.
The scan is effective in identifying benign or malignant masses, including cancers of the bladder, uterus, ovaries, prostate, or colon, and helps assess their size and spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.
For infections and inflammation, a CT scan can reveal abscesses, appendicitis, and diverticulitis. It can also show signs of inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Regarding urinary issues, the scan can pinpoint kidney stones that have descended into the ureters or bladder. Furthermore, it helps identify vascular issues like aneurysms or other abnormalities affecting the major blood vessels within the pelvis.
Undergoing a Pelvic CT Scan
Preparing for a pelvic CT scan typically involves specific instructions to ensure clear images. Patients may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the scan, especially if contrast material will be used. Oral contrast, a liquid that helps visualize the digestive tract, might need to be consumed one to two hours before the actual scan. Intravenous (IV) contrast, injected through a vein, makes blood vessels and certain organs show up more clearly.
During the scan, the patient lies on a narrow table that slides into a large, doughnut-shaped machine. The technologist operates the scanner from an adjacent room but can communicate with the patient through an intercom. Patients are asked to remain very still and may be instructed to hold their breath briefly to prevent image blurring. The actual scanning process is quick, often taking less than 10 minutes, though the entire appointment, including preparation, may last 30 to 60 minutes. After the scan, if contrast was administered, drinking plenty of fluids helps flush it from the body.