A Computed Tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed, cross-sectional images of the body’s interior, similar to slices. This offers a more comprehensive view than traditional X-rays. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is often requested to investigate symptoms like unexplained pain or to assess various medical conditions. This non-invasive technique quickly and accurately diagnoses a range of issues, providing insights that guide patient care.
Visualizing Internal Structures
A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis provides a detailed view of many anatomical structures. In the abdominal area, the scan visualizes organs like the liver, detecting abnormalities such as cysts or tumors. The kidneys, spleen, and pancreas are also seen, allowing for assessment of their size, shape, and internal characteristics. The stomach and intestines are visible, providing information about their structure, blockages, or inflammatory changes.
In the pelvic region, a CT scan shows the bladder, assessing its integrity and identifying stones. For women, the uterus and ovaries are visible, allowing evaluation of their structure and any masses. In men, the prostate gland can be examined. The scan also provides detailed images of major blood vessels, including the abdominal aorta, important for detecting aneurysms. Lymph nodes and the bones of the spine and pelvis are also clearly depicted.
Identifying Medical Conditions
The detailed images from an abdomen and pelvis CT scan identify a wide array of medical conditions. It frequently detects tumors, both cancerous and non-cancerous, in organs like the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and reproductive organs. It can also help determine if cancer has spread to the abdomen or pelvis.
Inflammatory conditions, such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and pancreatitis, are often diagnosed, as the scan reveals inflammation, fluid collections, or abscesses. Infections within the abdominal or pelvic cavities are identified by changes in tissue appearance. The scan effectively locates kidney stones and gallstones, determining their size and position for treatment planning.
A CT scan reveals internal bleeding and organ injuries after trauma. It also detects vascular issues like aneurysms or blood clots. Conditions affecting the digestive tract, including inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, and bowel obstructions, are also assessed.
Preparing for Your Scan
Preparing for an abdomen and pelvis CT scan typically involves several steps for clear images. Patients should wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing and remove metal objects like jewelry or eyeglasses, as these interfere with images. Depending on the scan, you might refrain from eating or drinking for a few hours, especially if intravenous (IV) contrast material will be used.
During the scan, you will lie on a narrow table that slides into the CT scanner. You may receive a contrast agent, which can be swallowed, given as an enema, or injected intravenously into a vein in your arm. This contrast helps blood vessels or organs show up more clearly. You must remain very still and may be asked to hold your breath, as movement can blur images. The scan is quick, often taking minutes, though the appointment may last longer due to preparation.
After the scan, you can typically return to normal activities. If you received contrast material, drink plenty of fluids to help your body eliminate it. A radiologist will analyze the images and send a report to your healthcare provider.
Understanding Potential Risks
CT scans involve exposure to ionizing radiation. While radiation from a single CT scan is low, it is greater than a traditional X-ray. Healthcare professionals use the lowest possible dose (ALARA principle) to obtain necessary information. Potential long-term harm from low doses is very small, and benefits typically outweigh this minimal risk.
Contrast agents, if used, can cause side effects, though severe reactions are uncommon. Mild reactions can include a temporary warm sensation, a metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, or itching. Rarely, more significant allergic reactions like hives, swelling, or breathing difficulty can occur, which facilities are equipped to manage. Patients with pre-existing kidney issues or certain allergies should inform their doctor, as these might influence contrast choice or require precautions.
CT scans are not recommended for pregnant women unless medically necessary, to avoid radiation exposure to the baby. For children, CT exams are performed only when essential, with doses tailored to their size.