Coughs are a common symptom of many illnesses. Understanding the distinguishing characteristics of different coughs can help individuals assess their symptoms and decide on appropriate next steps. While a cough alone does not confirm a diagnosis, recognizing its specific qualities provides valuable information.
What a COVID Cough Sounds Like
A COVID-19 cough is often dry and persistent, sounding like hacking. This dryness means it does not produce mucus or phlegm, resulting in a consistent, rough tone. It can feel like a tickle in the throat, and once it starts, it can be difficult to stop, offering little relief after a coughing spell.
While most COVID-19 coughs are dry, about one-third of individuals may experience a wet cough that produces mucus or phlegm. The cough is described as new and continuous, meaning it appeared suddenly, involves frequent coughing for over an hour, or includes three or more coughing episodes within a 24-hour period.
Differentiating from Other Coughs
Distinguishing a COVID-19 cough from those caused by other common respiratory illnesses involves considering both the sound and accompanying symptoms. A COVID-19 cough is typically dry and persistent. In contrast, a common cold cough often starts with a tickle in the throat, followed by a runny or stuffy nose and sneezing, and may involve a low fever.
Flu coughs can also be dry and hacking, similar to COVID-19, but are frequently accompanied by a higher fever and more pronounced body aches. Allergies typically produce a dry cough alongside sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose, without a fever. Bronchitis often results in a wet, productive cough that brings up phlegm, sometimes with a wheezing sound, as it involves inflammation of the lower airways.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you have a persistent or worsening cough, especially if you suspect it might be related to COVID-19, medical consultation is important. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion, or if your lips or face appear bluish. These are serious warning signs that require urgent evaluation.
Contact a healthcare provider for a high fever (above 101°F or 38.3°C) that lasts more than three days or spikes suddenly, low oxygen saturation levels (below 94% on a pulse oximeter at rest), or persistent vomiting or diarrhea. While mild symptoms can often be managed at home with rest and hydration, individuals with underlying chronic illnesses or those who are pregnant should be particularly cautious and seek advice even for mild symptoms.