Coots are common water birds frequently observed in various aquatic environments across North America. Often seen swimming on ponds, lakes, and marshes, these birds possess distinct physical characteristics that set them apart.
Overall Appearance and Size
A coot presents a compact, rounded body shape, often described as chicken-like, which sits low on the water. These birds typically measure between 13 and 17 inches (33-43 cm) in length. Their wingspan ranges from approximately 23 to 28 inches (58-71 cm). Coots have a relatively short tail, which is sometimes flicked to expose white undertail coverts.
Distinctive Head and Bill Features
The head of a coot is notably smaller than its body. A prominent feature is its bill, which is short, thick, and white, often appearing conical. This white bill typically has a dark ring near its tip. Extending from the base of the bill onto the forehead is a fleshy, shield-like structure, also white in color. This frontal shield often has a reddish or reddish-brown spot near its upper edge. The eyes of a coot are typically red or reddish-brown.
Plumage, Legs, and Feet
The plumage of a coot is predominantly dark, ranging from a sooty gray to black. The head and neck often appear slightly darker than the rest of the body. While generally dark, their feathers can exhibit a subtle sheen in certain lighting conditions. Their legs are typically greenish-yellow or yellowish. A distinctive characteristic of coots lies in their feet, which are large and greenish-yellow, featuring unique lobed toes rather than the webbed feet found on ducks. These fleshy lobes extend from each toe, acting like paddles for efficient propulsion in water. When a coot walks on land, these lobes fold back, allowing for easier movement across various surfaces.
Distinguishing from Other Waterfowl
Coots are often seen alongside ducks, leading to common misidentification, but several visual cues differentiate them. A key identifier is the coot’s white, chicken-like bill and the prominent white frontal shield on its forehead, features absent in ducks. Furthermore, the unique lobed feet of a coot stand in contrast to the webbed feet of ducks. While both inhabit aquatic environments and can swim and dive, coots often exhibit a characteristic head-bobbing motion when swimming. Their overall body shape is more rounded and compact, and on land, they walk with a more upright posture compared to the waddling gait often seen in ducks.