A chemo rash refers to various skin changes that can develop as a side effect of certain cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplants. This reaction is a common occurrence among individuals undergoing cancer treatment and represents a skin response, not necessarily an allergic reaction.
Visual Characteristics of Chemo Rash
Chemo rash can manifest in diverse ways, often depending on the specific medication. Common appearances include redness, dryness, and flaking. Some rashes present as acne-like bumps, known as papulopustular or acneiform rashes, which are small, raised bumps or pus-filled blisters. These may appear pink-red on lighter skin or purple-brown on darker skin.
Maculopapular rashes feature flat, red areas combined with small, raised bumps. The skin may also show blistering, peeling, or darkening. Hand-foot syndrome, a specific type of reaction, causes redness and peeling on the palms and soles.
Common Locations and Associated Symptoms
Chemo rashes frequently appear on the face, scalp, neck, chest, and upper back, but can also affect the limbs, abdomen, buttocks, hands, and feet. These rashes often come with uncomfortable sensations such as itching, pain, tenderness, or a burning sensation. The skin can also feel tight, especially on the face, or become sensitive to touch and light (photosensitivity). Cracking of the skin may occur, particularly with hand-foot syndrome.
Factors Contributing to Chemo Rash
Chemo rashes are a side effect of certain cancer medications because these treatments impact rapidly dividing cells, including healthy skin cells. Specific drug types, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, are known to cause skin reactions like acneiform rashes. A chemo rash usually appears within the first few weeks of starting a new treatment, but can occur at any point during therapy. Its occurrence varies based on the drug and individual patient responses.
Managing Chemo Rash at Home
Managing mild to moderate chemo rash at home involves a gentle approach to skin care. Cleanse the skin using mild, low-pH, and fragrance-free cleansers, avoiding harsh scrubbing or abrasive products. Regularly apply gentle, unscented moisturizers to soothe dryness and maintain skin hydration. Protecting the skin from sun exposure is also important; wear loose-fitting clothing that covers the skin, use broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or greater, and seek shade. Additionally, wearing loose, soft clothing can prevent further irritation to sensitive skin.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Team
Promptly contact your healthcare team when experiencing a chemo rash. You should reach out if the rash worsens after using prescribed creams, or if itching persists for more than 48 hours. Seek medical attention for signs of infection, such as pus, increased redness, warmth, or a fever.
Contact your team immediately for:
Severe pain
Widespread rash
Blistering
Any rash accompanied by swelling of the hands, feet, face, or tongue
Systemic symptoms like chills, nausea, or vomiting
Reporting these symptoms ensures appropriate guidance.