A cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that generates detailed pictures of the neck region. It uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images on a computer, providing a comprehensive view of the cervical spine. Unlike X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans, an MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it a safe diagnostic tool. This method is particularly effective for visualizing soft tissues within the neck, which are not as clearly seen with other imaging modalities.
Key Structures Visualized
A cervical MRI provides clear, high-resolution images of the key anatomical components within the neck. It allows detailed visualization of the seven cervical vertebrae, the bones forming the neck portion of the spine. Between these vertebrae are the intervertebral discs, which function as natural shock absorbers, and the MRI assesses their condition.
The scan also clearly shows the spinal cord, the main nerve pathway extending through the spinal column. Branching off the spinal cord are the nerve roots as they exit the spine. Surrounding these bony and neural elements, the MRI effectively visualizes the supporting soft tissues, including the ligaments and muscles of the neck. Major blood vessels in the neck area, such as the vertebral arteries, can also be seen.
Conditions Diagnosed
A cervical MRI effectively diagnoses a wide array of neck conditions. Degenerative conditions frequently identified include disc herniation, where a disc slips from its position, and disc bulging. Spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal, and osteoarthritis, also known as spondylosis, involving wear and tear of vertebral discs, are also clearly visible.
The scan is instrumental in detecting nerve compression issues such as radiculopathy, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms. Myelopathy, a severe condition resulting from spinal cord compression, causing neurological issues like difficulty walking or balance problems, can also be diagnosed. In cases of trauma, a cervical MRI can reveal fractures, ligamentous injuries, and direct spinal cord injury.
Tumors, whether benign or malignant, originating in the spine, spinal cord, or nerve roots, or those that have spread from other parts of the body, can be identified. The scan also helps detect various infections, including osteomyelitis (bone infection), discitis (disc infection), and epidural abscesses, which are collections of pus around the spinal cord. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis affecting the cervical spine are also visible. Furthermore, congenital anomalies, birth defects of the cervical spine, such as scoliosis, can be evaluated.
When a Cervical MRI is Recommended
A healthcare provider may recommend a cervical MRI to investigate neck-related symptoms. It is often considered for persistent neck pain, arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that has not improved with initial conservative treatments. The scan is also indicated when symptoms suggest spinal cord compression, such as difficulty walking, balance issues, a loss of fine motor skills, or changes in bowel or bladder function.
Following trauma or injury to the neck, an MRI is frequently performed to assess damage to the soft tissues and spinal cord. It is also used to evaluate known or suspected tumors or infections within the cervical spine. Additionally, a cervical MRI plays a role in pre-surgical planning and post-surgical evaluation of the neck. Unexplained neurological symptoms originating from the neck region also warrant a cervical MRI for further investigation.
Preparing for and Undergoing the Scan
Preparing for a cervical MRI involves steps to ensure safety and image quality. Patients must remove all metal objects, including jewelry, watches, and items with metal zippers, as the strong magnetic field can distort images. Inform staff about any implanted medical devices, such as pacemakers, certain joint replacements, or cochlear implants, as some are incompatible with MRI. Individuals with claustrophobia should discuss this concern with their doctor, as medication or an open MRI might be an option.
During the scan, the patient lies still on a narrow table that slides into the MRI machine. The machine produces loud thumping and knocking noises, so earplugs or headphones are provided. The scan typically takes between 30 and 60 minutes, and remaining still is important for clear images. A contrast agent might be injected intravenously to enhance specific structures.