A broken shoulder, medically known as a shoulder fracture, occurs when one of the three bones forming the shoulder joint sustains a break. These bones include the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (the upper arm bone closest to the shoulder). This type of injury often results from a fall onto an outstretched arm, a direct blow to the shoulder, or high-impact trauma such as a car accident. Understanding the signs and symptoms associated with a broken shoulder can help individuals recognize when to seek medical attention.
Visible Signs of a Broken Shoulder
When a shoulder bone breaks, several external changes can become apparent, offering visual cues to the injury. One of the most noticeable signs is a deformity or a visible bump at the injury site, particularly with a fractured clavicle where the bone may push the skin outward, sometimes creating a “tent-shaped” look. The affected shoulder might also appear to sag downward and forward, indicating that its normal support structure has been compromised. This visible displacement of bone fragments contributes to the altered contour of the shoulder.
Swelling develops rapidly due to internal bleeding and inflammation. This swelling can make the shoulder appear larger or more rounded than the uninjured side. Bruising or discoloration often accompanies swelling, spreading down the arm as blood seeps into tissues. In rare cases, severe fractures can result in an open fracture where the bone pierces the skin.
Accompanying Symptoms
A broken shoulder also presents with internal sensations. Severe pain is a primary symptom, localized to the shoulder and intensifying with movement or pressure. This pain can be sharp and debilitating, limiting the ability to lift or use the arm. Tenderness to the touch is also common, making even light contact with the injured area uncomfortable.
A grinding or crackling sensation, called crepitus, might be felt or heard with movement. This sensation occurs as the broken bone fragments rub against each other. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm or hand may occur if nerves or blood vessels are affected. Inability to move the shoulder or arm through its normal range of motion, often due to pain and structural damage, indicates a potential fracture.
When to Seek Medical Care
If a broken shoulder is suspected, immediate medical attention is recommended. Prompt evaluation prevents further damage and ensures proper diagnosis and treatment. Delaying care can lead to poor healing outcomes, prolonged pain, and limited shoulder movement.
At a medical facility, a physical examination and imaging tests confirm the diagnosis. X-rays are typically sufficient to identify fractures and determine their location and severity. In some cases, additional imaging like a CT scan or MRI may evaluate the injury’s extent, especially if soft tissue damage is suspected. Avoid moving or manipulating the injured shoulder, as this could worsen the fracture.