Discovering a breast lump can be concerning, but most breast changes are benign, meaning they are non-cancerous. However, any new or unusual breast change should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine its cause.
What a Breast Cyst Typically Feels Like
A breast cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops within the breast tissue. When felt, a typical breast cyst often presents as a smooth, rounded, or oval-shaped lump. It can feel soft and pliable, sometimes described as feeling like a grape or a small water-filled balloon. Deeper cysts, however, might feel firmer or more hardened due to the surrounding breast tissue.
These lumps are usually movable, meaning they can be gently shifted or rolled under the fingers within the breast. They may also exhibit some tenderness or pain when touched, particularly as they increase in size or if they are located close to the surface. The sensation of a breast cyst can vary, from a soft, squishy feel to a firmer, rubbery consistency.
Common Features of Breast Cysts
Breast cysts are common and generally non-cancerous. These fluid-filled sacs can appear in one or both breasts and may range significantly in size. Some microcysts are too small to be felt during a physical exam, while macrocysts can grow to be noticeable, sometimes reaching a diameter of 1 to 2 inches.
The presence of breast cysts can fluctuate, often influenced by hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle. They tend to become larger and more tender or painful just before a menstrual period begins. After menstruation, these cysts may decrease in size or become less noticeable. While less common, some individuals with cysts might also experience nipple discharge, which can be clear, yellow, straw-colored, or dark brown.
Differentiating Cysts from Other Breast Lumps
Distinguishing a benign breast cyst from other types of breast lumps, including those that might be cancerous, is a common concern. A typical breast cyst is characterized by its smooth, round or oval shape, and its ability to move easily within the breast tissue. They are often tender or painful, especially with hormonal fluctuations.
In contrast, a lump that could be a sign of cancer often feels different. Cancerous lumps are frequently described as hard, immobile, and may have irregular or jagged edges. Unlike many cysts, these lumps are typically painless, though pain can sometimes occur. Additional signs that may accompany a more concerning lump include changes in the breast skin, such as dimpling, puckering, or redness, or alterations in the nipple, such as inversion or unusual discharge.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Any new lump or change in breast tissue should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Even if a lump feels like a typical cyst, only a medical examination can accurately determine its nature. It is particularly important to seek prompt medical attention if a new lump appears, or if an existing lump changes in size, shape, or tenderness.
Immediate consultation is recommended if the lump does not resolve after a menstrual cycle, or if it is accompanied by other signs like skin changes, nipple discharge, or persistent pain. A healthcare provider can conduct a clinical breast exam and may recommend imaging tests such as an ultrasound or mammogram to aid in diagnosis. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to obtain a definitive diagnosis.