The skin on the breast, like all skin, can develop various marks, including moles. Moles are common skin growths formed when pigment-producing cells, called melanocytes, cluster together. They typically appear as small, dark spots but can vary in color, shape, and size. While most moles are harmless, it is important to be aware of changes that could signal a more serious condition, such as skin cancer.
Distinguishing Breast Moles
Common, harmless moles on the breast generally exhibit uniform characteristics. These benign moles are typically round or oval with smooth, distinct borders. They often have a consistent color, such as pink, tan, or brown, and can be flat or slightly raised. Their appearance usually remains stable over time.
When a mole on the breast becomes suspicious, it may indicate melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Healthcare professionals use the “ABCDE” rule to identify potentially concerning moles:
Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other.
Border irregularity: Edges are uneven, notched, or poorly defined.
Color variation: Multiple shades of brown, black, tan, white, red, or blue within the mole.
Diameter: Often larger than 6 millimeters, roughly the size of a pencil eraser.
Evolving: Any change in the mole’s size, shape, color, elevation, or new symptoms like itching, bleeding, or crusting.
Other Notable Skin Changes on the Breast
Beyond moles, other skin changes on the breast can indicate underlying health issues, including some forms of breast cancer. One such sign is dimpling or puckering of the skin, which can make the breast resemble an orange peel, a condition known as “peau d’orange.” This appearance occurs when cancer cells block lymphatic vessels in the skin, leading to fluid buildup and skin thickening. Peau d’orange is often associated with inflammatory breast cancer, a rare but aggressive type that may also present with redness, warmth, or swelling.
Other concerning skin changes include persistent redness, scaling, or thickening of the breast skin. A rash on or around the nipple, particularly if scaly, crusted, or ulcerated, could be a sign of Paget’s disease of the breast, another rare form of breast cancer. Changes to the nipple itself, such as inversion, flattening, or unusual discharge, are also important to note. Any new skin lesions that are not pigmented moles, or persistent itching or irritation, warrant medical attention.
When to Seek Medical Guidance
It is important to promptly consult a healthcare professional if you notice any new, changing, or concerning moles or skin alterations on your breast. While many breast changes are benign, a doctor’s evaluation can determine the cause and provide an accurate diagnosis.
Regular self-exams are a valuable tool for becoming familiar with the normal appearance and feel of your breasts. This awareness helps in noticing any abnormalities early, which is crucial for successful treatment outcomes. Even if a recent mammogram was clear, any new breast changes should be reported to a healthcare professional without delay.