A bone spur refers to an outgrowth of bone. When these bony growths occur within the mouth, they are often known by their medical terms, such as “torus” (plural: tori) or “exostosis” (plural: exostoses). These oral bone spurs are benign and are a relatively common finding during dental examinations. They represent a localized overgrowth of bone tissue.
Identifying a Gum Bone Spur
A bone spur on the gums often presents as a smooth, hard, and immobile lump. These growths can vary in shape, sometimes appearing dome-shaped, flat, nodular, or even irregular. The gum tissue covering the bone spur maintains its normal pink color, although it may appear stretched. Irritation or injury can cause the overlying gum to become red or inflamed.
The size of these bone spurs can range from very small, barely noticeable protrusions to larger masses. When touched, they feel firm and fixed, like touching bone itself, rather than soft tissue. They are not painful unless they become irritated or injured, for instance, by chewing hard foods.
Oral bone spurs commonly occur in several distinct locations within the mouth. A “torus palatinus” is a bony protrusion found on the midline of the hard palate, or the roof of the mouth. “Mandibular tori” (torus mandibularis) are located on the inner side of the lower jaw, near the premolar teeth and above the tongue. Additionally, “buccal exostoses” can develop on the outer surface of the upper or lower jawbone, near the cheek.
Common Causes and When to Seek Professional Advice
The development of oral bone spurs is often influenced by a combination of factors. Genetic predisposition plays a role. Mechanical stress on the jawbone also contributes, with habits like teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism) being a common factor. Excessive chewing forces can similarly stimulate bone growth.
Bone spurs can arise following dental procedures, such as tooth extractions. Trauma to the jaw or certain dental conditions like periodontal disease can also trigger their appearance. While most oral bone spurs do not require treatment, professional evaluation is recommended in specific situations.
A dental professional should be consulted if the bone spur interferes with daily functions like speech, eating, or the proper fit of dentures or other oral appliances. Consult a professional if the growth becomes frequently irritated, painful, or if there is a noticeable change in its size or appearance. During a consultation, a dentist will perform a visual examination and palpate the area. X-rays or CT scans may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the bone spur. Management options range from simple observation if the spur is asymptomatic, to surgical removal if it causes discomfort or functional problems.