A bleach bath involves adding a small, carefully measured amount of household bleach to bathwater, creating a very diluted solution. This practice is primarily used as a home remedy to help manage various skin conditions. Its main purpose is to reduce bacteria on the skin’s surface and alleviate inflammation associated with certain dermatological issues. When prepared and used correctly, the concentration of bleach in the bathwater is significantly low, similar to the chlorine levels found in a typical swimming pool.
Conditions Treated by Bleach Baths
Diluted bleach baths are commonly recommended for individuals experiencing specific skin conditions, often to mitigate symptoms and prevent infections. One primary condition is eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, where these baths can help reduce the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin, which frequently exacerbates flare-ups. This reduction in bacterial load can lead to decreased itching, redness, and scaling associated with eczema.
The baths are also beneficial for bacterial skin infections like impetigo, characterized by sores and crusts, and folliculitis, an inflammation of hair follicles. For these conditions, the antiseptic properties of the diluted bleach help to lower the overall bacterial count on the skin, aiding in the healing process. Patients with recurrent boils or infected wounds may also find relief, as the baths work to cleanse the affected areas and reduce the risk of further infection. Additionally, bleach baths are sometimes used as part of a regimen to reduce colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on the skin.
Mechanism of Action
The therapeutic effects of a diluted bleach bath stem from the properties of its active ingredient, sodium hypochlorite. This chemical compound exhibits both antiseptic and anti-inflammatory actions when applied to the skin in low concentrations. As an antiseptic, sodium hypochlorite works by directly reducing the bacterial load on the skin, particularly targeting common culprits like Staphylococcus aureus that can worsen skin conditions. It achieves this by oxidizing the bacteria, leading to their cellular breakdown and death.
Beyond its antimicrobial capabilities, sodium hypochlorite also possesses anti-inflammatory effects. It helps to soothe irritated skin by reducing the inflammatory response. This dual action of reducing microbes and calming inflammation contributes to the overall improvement observed in various skin conditions. The typical concentration of sodium hypochlorite in a therapeutic bleach bath is around 0.005%, a level considered safe for skin application.
Safe Preparation and Important Considerations
Proper preparation and usage are crucial for the safe and effective application of bleach baths.
How to Prepare
To prepare a full bathtub (about 40 gallons), add ¼ to ½ cup of regular, non-fragranced household bleach (5-6% sodium hypochlorite). For smaller baths, use ¼ cup for a half-filled tub, or about one teaspoon per gallon for a baby or toddler bath. Ensure the water is lukewarm, not hot, to avoid skin irritation. Pour the bleach into the water as the tub fills to ensure thorough mixing and even dilution.
How to Use
Once the bath is prepared, soak the affected areas of the body for about 5 to 15 minutes, with many recommendations suggesting 10 minutes. Avoid submerging the head and keep the diluted solution away from the eyes, nose, and mouth. After the bath, rinse the skin thoroughly with clean, lukewarm water to remove any residual bleach. Gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel, avoiding rubbing, and immediately apply a fragrance-free moisturizer and any prescribed topical medications to help lock in moisture and prevent dryness.
Important Considerations
Bleach baths are typically recommended two to three times per week, but frequency should be guided by a healthcare provider. While generally safe when properly diluted, some individuals may experience dryness, irritation, stinging, or burning, especially on open skin. Never apply undiluted bleach directly to the skin. Individuals with a known chlorine allergy or severe, open wounds should avoid bleach baths, and adequate bathroom ventilation is advisable to minimize fume inhalation. Some medications, like topical corticosteroids, can thin the skin, requiring caution.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
Before starting bleach baths, consult with a healthcare provider, especially for children under two years old. They can provide personalized advice and ensure this treatment is appropriate for your specific skin condition. If any irritation or worsening of symptoms occurs, discontinue the baths and seek medical advice.