A bladder bag, formally known as a urinary collection bag or drainage bag, is a medical device designed to collect urine. It is used by individuals who require a urinary catheter (a thin tube inserted to drain urine directly from the bladder) or by those with a urostomy. The bag’s primary function is to provide a sterile reservoir for the continuous flow of urine. These devices are used following surgery, for managing long-term incontinence, or when a medical condition prevents normal urination.
Key Components of Urinary Collection Bags
Urinary collection bags are typically constructed from clear or translucent medical-grade vinyl, also known as Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), which allows the user to monitor the color and volume of the collected fluid easily. The bag itself is a flat, flexible pouch, often rectangular or contoured in shape, and includes volumetric markings, or graduations, on its surface to facilitate accurate measurement of urine output. At the top of the bag is a flexible, kink-resistant inlet tube that connects securely to the end of the catheter to channel the urine into the reservoir.
Integrated within the system is an anti-reflux valve, a small, one-way mechanism positioned near the inlet tube. This feature prevents collected urine from flowing backward up the tube and into the bladder, which could introduce bacteria and lead to infection. At the bottom of the bag, there is a drainage outlet, a small port sealed by a valve, clamp, or spigot. This allows the bag to be emptied without disconnecting the entire system, maintaining a closed, sterile environment.
Daytime vs. Nighttime Use: Different Bag Styles
The appearance of a urinary collection bag depends on its intended use, generally divided into daytime and nighttime styles. Daytime bags, commonly called leg bags, are designed to be smaller and more discreet for greater mobility. These bags typically have a capacity ranging from 500 to 750 milliliters, though some models may hold up to 1000 milliliters.
Leg bags feature a contoured design to fit snugly against the thigh or calf. They are secured to the limb using soft, adjustable fabric or elastic straps. Some models include an opaque or cloth backing for enhanced comfort and discretion under clothing. The tubing connected to a leg bag is generally shorter than its nighttime counterpart, corresponding to the bag’s close proximity to the catheter insertion site.
Conversely, nighttime or bedside drainage bags are built for high-volume, stationary use. These bags are substantially larger, usually holding up to 2000 milliliters, allowing the user to sleep through the night without needing to empty the reservoir. Unlike contoured leg bags, bedside bags are often simple and rectangular, made from clear material to observe urine accumulation easily.
Nighttime bags feature a long length of tubing (often around 85 to 120 centimeters), which permits the bag to be safely suspended below the level of the bladder. A sturdy plastic hook or hanger is typically attached to the top, allowing it to be hung securely on a bed rail or specialized floor stand. This design minimizes the risk of backflow and frequent interruptions to sleep.
Caring for and Emptying the Bag
Proper management involves a routine of emptying and basic hygiene to maintain the integrity of the closed system. The bag should be emptied regularly (typically when it is about half to two-thirds full) to prevent the weight of the fluid from pulling on the catheter and reducing the risk of urine reflux. Users should wash their hands thoroughly before handling the drainage equipment.
To empty the bag, the drainage valve or outlet at the bottom is opened (this might involve turning a twist valve, releasing a lever, or opening a slide clamp). The urine is directed into a toilet or a measuring container. Care must be taken to prevent the tip of the drainage port from touching any surfaces. Once drained, the valve tip should be wiped with an alcohol swab or antiseptic wipe before being securely closed. The entire collection system is typically replaced with a new sterile unit every five to seven days, depending on manufacturer guidance.