Teething marks a significant developmental milestone for infants, signaling the emergence of their first teeth. This natural process can sometimes be a challenging period for both babies and their caregivers due to associated discomfort. Understanding the common signs of teething helps parents identify when a tooth is on its way and how best to support their baby through this phase.
Visual Signs of Teething Gums
When a tooth is preparing to erupt, a baby’s gums undergo noticeable visual changes. The affected area often appears swollen and red, indicating inflammation as the tooth presses against the gum tissue. Parents might observe a small, firm bulge or lump under the gum line, which is the tooth crown nearing the surface. Eventually, the tip of a tiny white tooth may become visible, peeking through the gum.
Occasionally, a bluish or grayish bruise-like spot, known as an eruption cyst or hematoma, can form on the gum. This fluid-filled sac appears when fluid or blood collects over the emerging tooth. An eruption cyst is typically harmless and usually resolves on its own as the tooth fully breaks through. Increased drooling, a common teething symptom, can also lead to a red, irritated rash around the baby’s mouth, chin, and sometimes neck due to constant moisture.
Other Common Teething Symptoms
Babies often exhibit a range of other symptoms during teething. Many babies become more irritable or fussy, displaying heightened crying or a general sense of discomfort.
A strong urge to chew on objects, such as hands, toys, or clothing, is also characteristic, as applying pressure to the gums can offer some relief. Teething can disrupt a baby’s sleep patterns, leading to more frequent waking or difficulty settling down. While a slight elevation in body temperature (typically below 100.4°F or 38°C) can occur, a high fever is generally not a direct symptom of teething and may indicate an unrelated illness. Some babies may rub their ears or cheeks, a behavior linked to referred pain from the gums. Changes in appetite, such as refusing solids or preferring softer foods, can also be observed.
Understanding the Teething Process
The timing of tooth eruption varies significantly among infants, though most babies begin teething around six months of age. Some may show signs as early as three months, while for others, the first tooth might not appear until after their first birthday. The process is gradual, with teeth typically emerging in a predictable order. The lower central incisors, the two bottom front teeth, are usually the first to appear, often between 6 to 10 months.
Following these, the upper central incisors typically emerge between 8 to 12 months. Lateral incisors, canines, and molars then follow in sequence, with most children having a full set of 20 primary teeth by the age of two and a half to three years. While some babies experience minimal discomfort during this period, others may have a more challenging time with each new tooth.
Comforting Your Teething Baby
When a baby is experiencing teething discomfort, several safe and effective methods can help provide relief. Chilled, but not frozen, teething rings or pacifiers can be offered, as the cool temperature helps soothe irritated gums. Freezing these items completely can make them too hard and potentially damage delicate gum tissue. Gently massaging the baby’s gums with a clean finger can also provide counter-pressure and comfort.
A cool, damp washcloth, twisted and offered for chewing, can also be soothing. For significant discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers specifically formulated for infants, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be used. It is important to consult a pediatrician for appropriate dosage guidelines. Beyond physical remedies, offering extra comfort and cuddles can significantly help calm a distressed baby during this period.
When to Seek Professional Advice
While teething is a normal part of development, certain symptoms warrant a consultation with a healthcare professional. A high fever, generally defined as 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, is typically not caused by teething alone and could indicate an underlying illness. Similarly, severe diarrhea or vomiting are not typical teething symptoms and should be evaluated by a pediatrician.
If a baby develops a rash that extends beyond the immediate mouth area, or exhibits unusual lethargy or extreme irritability that cannot be soothed, medical advice should be sought. Any concern about a baby’s overall well-being that seems disproportionate to typical teething discomfort warrants professional assessment.