Blood pressure is a measurement that reflects the force of blood against the walls of your arteries as it circulates throughout your body. It is a fundamental sign healthcare professionals use to assess overall health. It indicates how effectively your heart pumps blood and how easily blood flows, impacting oxygen and nutrient delivery to organs. Blood pressure naturally fluctuates throughout the day based on activity levels, but consistent readings outside typical ranges can signal underlying health considerations.
Understanding Blood Pressure Readings
A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers, presented as a fraction (e.g., 120/80 mmHg). The top number is the systolic pressure, which measures the force in your arteries when your heart contracts and pushes blood out.
The bottom number is the diastolic pressure, which reflects the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats and refills with blood. Both numbers are expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Interpreting a 123/56 Blood Pressure Reading
A blood pressure reading of 123/56 mmHg has distinct implications for both components. The systolic reading of 123 mmHg falls into the “elevated” category. This means the systolic pressure is between 120 and 129 mmHg, while the diastolic pressure is less than 80 mmHg. While not yet categorized as high blood pressure, an elevated reading suggests a higher likelihood of developing hypertension in the future if steps are not taken to manage it.
The diastolic reading of 56 mmHg is low. A diastolic pressure below 60 mmHg is low. When a low diastolic reading like 56 mmHg occurs with a normal or elevated systolic reading, it is sometimes referred to as “isolated diastolic hypotension.” This specific combination indicates that while your heart is effectively pumping blood out, the pressure in your arteries when the heart is resting is lower than typical ranges.
Causes and Implications of Low Diastolic Pressure
A diastolic pressure of 56 mmHg, particularly when the systolic pressure is in a healthy range, can have several contributing factors. Genetic predisposition can play a role. Certain medications, including diuretics, Parkinson’s disease medications, some antidepressants, and drugs for erectile dysfunction, can lead to lower diastolic pressure. For older adults, age can stiffen arteries, which might increase systolic pressure while causing a disproportionately low diastolic pressure.
Underlying health conditions may also contribute to low diastolic pressure. These can include heart valve issues, such as aortic regurgitation, or endocrine disorders. Severe infections or significant dehydration can also lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, including the diastolic component. Extremely fit individuals might naturally have lower resting heart rates and, consequently, lower diastolic pressures. Persistently low diastolic pressure, especially below 60 mmHg, may reduce blood flow to the heart’s coronary arteries. This reduced flow can lead to symptoms like dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. Some studies suggest that diastolic readings below 70 mmHg could increase the risk of heart attack and hospitalization due to heart failure, particularly in older adults.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you have a blood pressure reading of 123/56 mmHg, consult a healthcare professional. This is particularly important if you consistently observe a low diastolic reading or experience any symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. Individuals with other existing health conditions should also seek medical guidance. A doctor can accurately diagnose the cause of your blood pressure and recommend appropriate management strategies, which might include lifestyle adjustments or medication modifications.