A rotator cuff injury involves damage to one or more of the four muscles and their tendons that surround the shoulder joint. These muscles work together to provide stability and allow a wide range of motion in the arm. Such injuries are a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness, often stemming from repetitive overhead activities, trauma, or age-related degeneration. Navigating the healthcare system to find the right medical professional for this type of injury can be confusing for many individuals.
Your First Step: Primary Care
When you first experience shoulder pain or suspect a rotator cuff injury, your primary care physician (PCP) is the first point of contact. A PCP conducts a physical examination of your shoulder, assessing range of motion, strength, and tenderness. They differentiate between a minor strain and a rotator cuff issue.
Your PCP offers initial pain management, including rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications. They also rule out other causes of shoulder pain, like neck problems or arthritis, before specialist referral. If a rotator cuff injury is suspected, your PCP provides a referral for further evaluation and treatment.
Specialists for Diagnosis and Non-Surgical Options
Once your primary care physician has made an assessment, you may be referred to a specialist for diagnosis and non-surgical treatment options. They have expertise in musculoskeletal conditions and use diagnostic imaging.
An orthopedic surgeon confirms a rotator cuff injury diagnosis. They interpret imaging results, like MRI scans. Orthopedic surgeons also prescribe non-surgical treatments, such as corticosteroid injections, for inflammation and pain.
Sports medicine physicians diagnose and treat rotator cuff injuries. They focus on non-surgical approaches, emphasizing rehabilitation to return patients to desired activity levels. They coordinate care with physical therapists to ensure recovery.
Physical therapists are key for non-surgical management of rotator cuff injuries. They design individualized exercise programs to restore strength, range of motion, and reduce shoulder pain. They use techniques like manual therapy, stretching, and strengthening exercises to promote healing and function.
Considering Surgery: The Right Specialist
If non-surgical treatments do not improve a rotator cuff injury, or if the tear is severe, surgical intervention may be considered. Consult an orthopedic surgeon with shoulder surgery experience.
Orthopedic surgeons are skilled in techniques to repair damaged rotator cuff tendons. Surgery depends on factors like tear size, type, patient age, activity level, and symptom duration. Options include arthroscopic or open surgery. The goal is to reattach the torn tendon to the bone, restoring shoulder function and reducing pain.
Post-Treatment: Rehabilitation Experts
Regardless of whether a rotator cuff injury is treated non-surgically or surgically, rehabilitation is a key part of the recovery process. This phase helps regain strength, flexibility, and function in the shoulder.
Physical therapists are key for post-treatment rehabilitation. They guide patients through a structured exercise program to strengthen muscles, improve mobility, and stability. This approach prevents stiffness, rebuilds endurance, and restores daily function.
Occupational therapists also contribute to rehabilitation, helping patients adapt to limitations. They assist with everyday activities like dressing and bathing, teaching modified techniques and suggesting adaptive equipment. Adherence to protocols is important for optimal long-term outcomes and reducing re-injury.